Primary and Secondary Succession Essay

Ecosystems are environments where biotic (living) organisms and abiotic (non-living) components interact together to create a functional, complex network of nutrient and energy cycling. These balanced environments take time, sometimes many years, to develop. During the course of development, species are replaced by other species within the ecosystem, a process known as succession. Primary succession happens when species grow in locations where organisms have never previously existed. Secondary succession occurs after an ecosystem disturbance. The basic difference between primary and secondary succession is the presence of soil. When primary succession begins, soil is not present; in the case of secondary succession, soil is already in place. What occurs during primary and secondary succession? How can an ecosystem recover from a natural or man-made disaster? By examining the workings of an ecosystem and a case of primary and secondary succession, environmental scientists can find the answers to these questions. What is an Ecosystem? As stated above, an ecosystem is a place where biotic and abiotic components interact within their environment. Living parts of an ecosystem include animals and plants. These animals and plants perform roles of producers, consumers, or decomposers. According to Raven & Berg (2004), these three roles are indispensable within ecosystems. Producers provide food and oxygen, consumers create balance between producers and decomposers, and decomposers prevent accumulation of dead organisms and waste products (p. 72). Non-living components of ecosystems include soil, sun, and weather conditions. Working together, the biotic and abiotic components cycle nutrients within the ecosystem. This is vital action because without nutrients the ecosystem and its inhabitants would not survive. Where do ecosystems come from and how do they begin? The answer lies in the definition of primary succession. Primary Succession The very beginning of an ecosystem happens when primary succession occurs. After devastation from volcanism, glaciations, or sand dunes, an environment  is devoid of soil and living organisms do not exist. From this barren emptiness, primary succession begins with a pioneer community. Raven and Berg (2004) give an example of primary succession within Glacier Bay, Alaska (p. 87). In the case at Glacier Bay, rocks remain after a glacier’s retreat and the pioneer community is lichens. The lichens form soil, where colonies of moss thrive. The soil condition slowly progresses to the point where grasses and ferns can grow. Eventually the soil increases enough for shrubs to grow. Thanks to primary succession, over time the emptiness of Glacier Bay becomes a forest community. Once living organisms unite with non-living components, much like what happened at Glacier Bay, a new ecosystem is born. As the example at Glacier Bay has shown, primary succession is a birthing process. On the other hand, secondary succession is similar to a re-birthing process. To see how the re-birthing process works, environmental scientists can travel to Yellowstone National Park or North Carolina. Secondary Succession What happens when an ecosystem’s important cycle experiences a disturbance such as from fire or human activities? Once disturbed, ecosystems proceed through periods of changes that affect their structures and functions. This process of change, known as secondary succession, occurs very quickly because soil is already present. An example of severe destruction followed by a re-birth occurred in Yellowstone National Park. As a result of the fires that burned in the park in 1988, 1.2 million acres was scorched ecosystem wide (â€Å"The Great Fires of 1988†, n.d.). Amazingly, secondary succession happened quickly in Yellowstone National Park and within one-year herbs and lilies covered the ground area (Raven and Berg, 2004, p. 87). Another example of secondary succession is witnessed in North Carolina where abandoned farmland progresses through almost predictable restoration stages. For the first year, the uncultivated farmland is overcome with crabgrass. The second year finds horseweed dominating the area. Since the horseweed roots strangle the horseweed seeds, the third year observations find completely different dominating species within the ecosystem. Regardless of which species dominate, the ecosystem has successfully experienced a re-birth thanks to secondary succession. Humans and Ecosystems Many scientists are trying to learn all they can about ecosystems by observing healthy, thriving ecosystems in action. Humans, even though their intentions are often good, can upset the fine balance that exists in an ecosystem. Some examples are land clearing and damming can upset the sediment yield within river systems. A local project is actively testing two hypotheses regarding trophic structure and its affect on estuaries. This project is a joint effort between many organizations including the National Science Foundation. Many scientists all over the world are attempting to find answers to questions about saving natural ecosystems. Only in this way will our Earth be able to sustain future generations. Conclusion Since the components of ecosystems all work together to sustain their environment, changes in any single part of the process, biotic or abiotic, can affect the entire ecosystem. Outside influences can also wreak havoc on an established ecosystem. These disturbances can result from natural or man-made disasters. Primary and secondary succession, although their instances of occurrence differ, both provide a type of birth and re-birth to an ecosystem. By observing and studying ecosystems, along with primary and secondary succession changes, environmental scientists can learn how to help and not harm Earth’s precious ecosystems. References: Bearman’s Yellowstone Outdoor Adventures, (n.d.). The great fires of 1988. Retrieved June 24, 2005, from Yellowstone National Parks Year of Fire web site: http://www.yellowstone-bearman.com/yfire.html Berg, L. & Raven, P. (2004). Environment (4th edition). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Visit to Сourt

?I have got a chance to visit court on 2, January 2014 with my group members Biagio Mauri for our law assignment. This is the first time of my life visiting to court and we went to magistrate court around 1pm. That court is located in 363 George Street Brisbane QLD 4001, opening and closing hours is 8:30-4:30. When we arrived infront of the court I feel alittle nervous because I have never been to any court. My group members asked me to turn off all of my electronic devices.In entrance there are some sign of no food /drink and turn off electronic devices. I stepped into the entrance and the first thing I see is security woman with desk in front of the court. She was friendly and asked us to step back to x-ray machines which is use in airport or any other security check . Then she asked us to come one by one, so that my group member would go first and I was waiting him outside of the entrance. After she checked my group member’s bag with metal detectors as she asked me to come in and she did the same way.After security check, we ahead to information counter and we saw some people were asking about the court room that related to their cases. So we qued for a little while and we got reach our trun. My group member requested to receptionist that we are student doing law assignment and which room we need to go. Then she said room 36 is just started and pointed us to get there. I felt so excited to get into the room as I saw auto double door to get into the room. I became noticed everyone is quiet and we took chair in last place.Although I knew that I need to be quiet but my group member remind me to be quiet. After we sat down,I started to discover the circumstances. There were few people sitting with us. The name of the judge was Carmody T and he looked greate on his formal black suit with the white collar. His place was the highest positon of the room and he was sitting. At the second positon, I saw a typist women and she was typing about the case. At the l ast positon I saw one lawyer and one policeman who standing were had conversation with the judge.I saw around 4 or 5 police infront of the 2 small glass room that they made with protective glass for protect people from the accuse abuse I guess. After I did sightseeing ,the first accuse was already got judgement . So I started focus on second accuse case and listened carefully. Before the accuse come, the lawer talked about the case. That case was nature of crime about theft case, the police woman took the accuse man from the door behind that glass room. The judge asked that accuse man that he feel gulity or not. He said he felt gulity so that judge continue ask about what he did steal.He admited that he stolen $4658 cash from the high school. Finally the judge made the decision that he needed to give fine $2000 and sent to prison for 6 months. In conclusion, I got a lot of knowledges about the court by visiting magistrate court in brisbane Australia. I experienced about how the judg e and lawyer analysis the case and the court procedure. When I left that room I did bow my head down as other people did. I realized how court is important for a countrty, if court does not exist we cannot exactly know what is justice.

Argumentive Essay on Age Differences in Relationships

There is a  funny thing about  love. And that is the fact you never tell as to whom your mate will be. Regardless of how long the relationship may be, we never know who out there will be the one we call our mate. You may have similar interests, backgrounds or have the same  sense of humor, but through it all one question sticks out among many folks out in the world today. Does age have a bearing on whether or not to enter a relationship? Some feel that you will eventually fall in love with someone half your age but the thing is how can you tell?And is that a deciding factor in getting in a relationship? Many are opposed to this as they feel the gap could cause a great deal of issues within the relationship itself. There are many different opinions about whether age factors play a huge role in a relationship. Some people say it does not matter and others say it is everything. Some people are like me, sort of in the middle. Age is just a number, or is it? One might think that if a man has been alive for forty five years, than he should possess be somewhat mature as far being experienced in relationships.Well in some cases, while the forty year-old may be experienced, when it comes to being mature he may not be all the way there. While a person may have experienced a lot of different things in their life, it does not necessarily mean that they have learned from them. It is a sad fact that some people just never grow up. This may be fortunate or unfortunate depending on how you look at it. However, it is a fact of life. If you date this kind of person you are more than likely in for a rocky relationship Maturity is more a matter of personality than age.According to journalist Vidhi Agrawal, the question of age and relationships is really difficult to answer, especially when the Cupid’s arrow strikes and you fall in love with a person who is 10 years your senior or 15 years younger to you. In historic times, it was common for a man of 30 or 40 years to marry a teenage girl. Then came the period where the difference ranged between two and seven years, with the man being older. Back then there was a simple logic was simple:  the man would be the bread winner while the wife would provide babies. (Agrawal, 2012) In my opinion, I feel that age does matter in relationships.While, it’s not the most important factor it does play a key role in whether or not the relationship sustains a lengthy period or it’s just a seasonal fling. There are issues that need to be considered with relationships that have a noticeable difference in age. These issues are not insurmountable, yet they are obstacles that must be considered and dealt with if the relationship is going to be successful and meaningful to both parties. I feel this way because in these days in time relationships are like the wind. Everyday it seems like most couples break up as fast as they fall in love.While numerous married couples who differ in age now ended up marri ed, they also end up having a divorce due to either: financial problems, fights, or cheating spouses so spending a long time growing old together seem impossible in this day and age. Most relationships today only start with physical attraction or infatuation like magnets but we all know that we are people so we will have desires and attractions to the opposite (or same sex). Choosing someone that is right for the age is probably a suitable solution to lessen breaking hearts and emotional distress. Another reason I feel that age matters is because people nowadays create labels.When a young man or woman dates an older man or woman he/she is commonly called â€Å"cougar†, on the other hand, when an old man or woman dates younger ones he/she is commonly called a â€Å"pedophile†. These two labels doesn’t apply to people who dates 1 year to 4 years older or younger, it only applies to people who are really old like five to ten years age gap. Also in some cultures, ag e gap are still approved when the parents of two persons are close friends and they talk about the future of their children and starting to pre-arrange their son and daughter’s marriage when both parents know that they are at the right age. Marsh, 2010) In addition, we define our goals, experiences and milestones in life by age. For example, by 21, most people will be a graduate, will have worked for five years and then completed a MBA by 28 and started their own company. Marry and settled with kids by 32, work hard for the next 15 years and then begin retirement planning. See, this is how the average person generally planned their life. So when an older man marries a woman much younger to him, there can be conflicts over preferences and goals.She will want to be go out more and engage in active pursuits while he will have that, â€Å"been there, done that† feeling/attitude and may not participate eagerly. Similarly, the balance of power and dominance would always be o n the side of the older spouse because he/she is more matured, wise and experienced. To them, younger spouses’ need for indulgence may appear histrionics and attention-seeking behavior. The difference in age could also deepen with time after many years with the partner, thus causing problems.At first, they have a lot of common interests but after many years somewhere between 5 and10 years, while one of them is getting old, the other one is still young in body and spirit. Because of this it would be hard to cope with and keep up with one another because they have simply grown apart. This may lead to break ups. Also, an age gap can have an influence on a relationship by the fact it could lead to three main problems which are the sickness and health, different opinions and the child issue. Sometimes the age gap could be very embarrassing.For example, when a couple goes out to do shopping to buy clothes and things for them and their children and suddenly the sales assistant talks to the woman/man and tells him/her is that person your daddy/mommy?. That would be very embarrassing and not acceptable even though the person does not mean what he says because in the first place he does not know that this person is her husband. The embarrassment that comes from such relationships with age difference makes the younger partner thinking about why he is putting him/herself in such situation, while he could be with person who looks exactly like his age without any embarrassments.This makes lots of marriages fail. Therefore, having healthy relationship without age gap will tackle this problem and makes the couples live happily without embarrassments forever. (Twoface, 2009) An example for these kinds of relationships is that of Demi Moore and Ashton Kutcher. The recently divorced couple was married with an age gap of thirteen years (Demi being around forty and Ashton being around twenty-seven). In these age gap relationships, there were real differences in their intere st in physical activities that eventually resulted to the divorce.While many feel like I feel on this subject, there are those who differ with me on this issue. While many feel age will play a deciding factor in a potential break-up, on the contrary, you have those who feel age does not matter in a relationship because in most cases they want someone to match their level of maturity, having a strong commitment to each other, and having someone serious to talk in a personal way. You have those who feel they have either outgrown their age range or are just mature for their age (whether it’s due to circumstances or surroundings) so they seek companionship with mates older than they are.You have those who feel as long as both are mature and are making their own choices than age should not really matter. Another factor one will state in the case of age matters is that the younger person would benefit from the older person's wisdom and experience and the older person feels as if he has been given new life by the ego boost they get from having someone so young finding them attractive. With that the relationships would be based on only having benefits from each other. These kinds of relationships that based on having benefits from each other have never worked before and will never work (Vilbert & Lloyd, 2010).In conclusion, age does really matter in a relationship in some degree and that’s based on whether the two individuals can handle their relationship with a sense of responsibility and commitment based on their level of maturity in sharing their personal outlooks and goals from their life experiences. (Realsexfacts, 2006) Age gap relationships will always be frowned upon mainly due to their abnormality. Most people would look at a 50 year old and a 25 year old together and think â€Å"that's just  not  right†. I would say for the most part age does matter in a relationship.While you do not want the age gap to be too significant due to prac tical reasons like how long the person might have until they die or at what age they will stop having sex and procreating. Also, lifestyle and cultural differences might emerge if there is a significant age difference. There will in most cases be a lot of protests from friends and family, so opt for something like this only when you are ready to stand against them. This in turn depends upon whether you are sure about what exists between the two of you and its all that you really want in life. This is not to say that there are no exceptions.Those are always out there and I guess you should get to know your partner well and know what you are getting into before taking any chances with your life. Follow your gut. The heart wants what the heart wants in the end. It does not matter how ridiculous it may look to other people. References (2006). Relationships and Age Difference. Realsexfacts. com. Retrieved 10 March, 2013 from: http://www. realsexedfacts. com/relationships-age-difference. html Agrawal, V. (2012). Age Factor in Marriage and Relationships. BollywoodShaddis. com Retrieved 10 March 2013 from: http://www. bollywoodshaadis. om/article/lifestyle–health/relationships/age-factor-in-marriage-and-relationships Marsh, T. (2009). Does Age Really Matter In Relationships?. Love, Life and Relationships: Terrymarshworld. blogspot. Retrieved 10 March, 2013 from: http://www. terrymarshworld. blogspot. com/2010/03/does-age-really-matter-in-a-relationship. html Twoface. (2009). Does Age Matter. Socyberty. Retrieved 10 March 2013 from: http://socyberty. com/relationships/does-age-matter-age-gap-relationships/ Vilbert, D & Lloyd, A (2010). Does A Big Age Difference Doom A Relationship?. Living. MSN. Retrieved 10 March 2013 from: http://living. msn. com/love-relationships

Midterm 7 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Midterm 7 questions - Essay Example The growth of tourism results occurrence of various issues which must be addressed, as the environmental consequences of the tourism activities. These three reading have some common features which can be identified form the content. There are always issues which arise from tourism activities, whether positive or negative. It is essential to understand the effects of various tourism activities from different perspectives in seeking to make evaluations of the potential benefits of the development. Understanding the impact of these activities remains the fundamental point through which informed decisions can be made regarding various tourism activities. The politics of travel infers that the tourist must be understood based on the perception of the cultural beliefs of the native country from which the tourist comes. Individuals tour the world, they carry with them the cultural beliefs form their native countries. Despite the expectation of tourist to adopt to the cultural elements of the destination, it is common for them to bring their native beliefs into the destination. Individuals travel to different destinations for various purposes including getting an experience of a different culture. This integration of different social aspects becomes fundamental in understanding the political elements of tourism. Like many political situations, tourism travels have a long history and are undertaken to achieve personal satisfaction in seeking to fulfil a desire. Tourism is commonly considered a trade for the rich and individuals who are well-off economically, seeking to achieve the highest level of needs within the Maslow’s hierarc hy. The same can also be said about engagement in politics. The connotation of this article remains the comparison of tourism to political systems. 3. To what degree are the issues surrounding professional sports stadia and city convention centers cut from the same cloth? What

Theories of Human Communication, the social media and the Arab spring Essay

Theories of Human Communication, the social media and the Arab spring - Essay Example The first wave of such a change was felt with the advent of mobile phones and the short messaging services (SMS) offered by them. Electronic media like e-mail and instant messaging followed next. Just when it seemed that communication couldn’t get any better, social media and networking via the internet took over, bringing people from every nook and corner of the world together onto a single platform. Though the world has been called a ‘global village’ since the beginning of this century, it was in this decade that the label served its true purpose. Human communication has attained a new definition, and is now at its full force through social media. Social media has been the major driving force behind the Arab uprising that is reverberating in the Arab world today, and it is only through social media that people are at freedom to voice their thoughts and fight for what they deserve. According to S.F. Scudder, "All living entities, beings and creatures communicate. They communicate through movements, sounds, reactions, physical changes, gestures, languages, breath, etc†1. This statement is a part of the theory of communication and is known as the ‘Universal Communication Law’. Indeed, communication is an integral part of living, and it is impossible to survive without it. Communication models and their relevance in today’s times Adler and Rodman, in their insightful book, Understanding Human Communication, describe two different modes of communication, namely linear and transactional. According to the linear communication model, â€Å"communication is like giving an injection: a sender encodes ideas and feelings into some sort of message and then conveys them to a receiver who decodes them† (12). Face-to-face contact and other conventional channels like writing are included in this form of communication. The transactional model of communication is more fluidic and relational. There is a â€Å"simultaneous sen ding and receiving† of messages. This kind of communication includes mass media2 and social interaction. Face-to-face communication is decreasing rapidly, with the advent of social networking and electronic means of communication. In fact, many major surveys have pointed out that those who are more prone to the use of social networks are less likely to maintain face-to-face interactions in daily life. This brings us to the relevance of the linear mode of communication. While it is still a necessity in daily commute, human communication in recent times is largely based on the transactional model. Everyone is turning towards video conferencing, instant messaging, tweeting, and social networking in order to â€Å"stay in touch† with acquaintances. How social media defines our lives today An assessment of the impact of social media, in recent times, indicates that a majority of the population depends on the internet for most of their daily needs. As described by Adler and R odman: Until recently, most social support came from personal acquaintances: friends, family, co-workers, neighbors, and so on. In the last ?fteen years, though, there has been an explosion of â€Å"virtual communities† in which strangers meet online to share interests and concerns, and to gain support from one another on virtually every problem. The most popular support topics include medical conditions, eating disorders, sexual orientation, divorce, shyness, addictions, and loneliness (140). As is evident from this scenario,

Biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Biotechnology - Essay Example Chlorophyll absorbs all wavelengths of the visible light except the green light, which is reflected out. The chlorophyll is a complex molecule. Being complex it ahs undergone a lot of modifications and as a result chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophylls and carotenoids are found in the leaf. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b absorbs some of the green wavelength energy. Chlorophyll a receives it energy from the blue-violet and reddish orange wavelength. As the intensity of the light increases, the increase of the photosynthesis is observed. (Giacometti and Giacometti, 2009). The present study was performed to determine the effect of the color on the photosynthesis rate, the rate of photosynthesis, the rate of oxygen uptake was determined for this experiment. Chromatography is the process of separation of the solutes. Paper chromatography is the process of separating the pigments that are present in the chlorophyll into fractions based on their molecular weight. The porosity of the paper helps in the separation using petroleum ether –acetone solvent. The plant emits oxygen when the photosynthesis reactions take place. If the intensity of the light is higher, then the rate of photosynthesis is higher. At the same time if the light is kept closer to the leaf, it should also increases the photosynthesis rate because the intensity is directly proportional to the photosynthesis. The action spectra have color of various wavelengths shorter to longer. If the wavelength is small then the intensity of the light should be higher. This indicates that the color with greater intensity will have greater photosynthetic rate. When the red, green , blue light are used as the light source for the photosynthesis reaction, then the light of shorter w avelength should produce maximum intensity , therefore the photosynthesis will be greater. Of the three colors the blue has the shorter wavelength, so it should produce higher photosynthetic rate. Fresh

Strategic and Tactical Goals of Memorandum Assignment

Strategic and Tactical Goals of Memorandum - Assignment Example The first tactical goal involves having all divisional leadership examine their current employee volumes and determine which positions do not require the use of current office space. This tactical goal would involve assessing the current job design and job responsibilities of each employee and then reporting on these functions via a formal report. This goal is designed to give the senior managers an opportunity to understand what is specifically behind each employee’s job description and determine whether they actually need ongoing use of limited office space. A secondary tactical goal in order to meet the restructuring strategic goal is to conduct a technology audit in order to determine which jobs could benefit from telecommuting without causing disruption to the current productivity outputs. Currently, the BRP and SAP software in the business allows for flexible, off-site job function if the employee is equipped with a remote software and computer package in their own homes. Divisional managers would need to evaluate which employees are the most likely to benefit from an autonomous working environment and would produce the largest, most motivated job outputs. It is the responsibility of managers looking for potential employees to move to a telecommuting environment to address their past history of attendance, performance, or ability to work with others in a large corporate environment. Those employees with the best track record should be considered first and discussions held with the information support desk to assist in getting the ri ght technology and supplies to the worker’s homes for immediate transfer through telecommuting. The largest issue with the tactical goal of assessing job roles is that employees might be resistant to being examined in this way, fearing that they may have future issues of job security as though the business may be  attempting to phase them out.

Risk and value management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk and value management - Essay Example Based on the primary objective of value management to develop project objectives with uttermost clarity, the process facilitates quest for background information on the project as well as the project’s needs. These initiatives facilitate an extensive development of knowledge on the project towards management competency of business knowledge. As a result, value management provides an opportunity for developing insights into a project for proper management of the strategic management stage and the entire project. Value management also creates time resource between the initiation stage of a project and the project’s implementation stage. With an outlined budget for value management’s time, an organization is able to identify and evaluate outlined objectives in a project for improvement. This therefore means that apart from the benefits of the value management, its incorporation in the project’s budget adds value to the briefing process as well as the entire p roject (Turner, p. 307). Value management also facilitates identification of client’s needs and expectations from a project. The analytical approach of the management that aims at identification of the objectives of the project particularly leads to an understanding of what the customer wants out of the project. This further facilitates development of objective and establishment of ground for customer utility at the completion of the project. Establishing customers’ needs is also important in the strategic briefing stage because the success and feasibility of a project is measured against expectations of the stakeholders. With all needs of the client identified by the value management process, the strategic briefing process develops the capacity to evaluate feasibility of the needs as well as incorporating the need into the project’s objectives. There is also an induced benefit of empowerment and development of team members in value management. The interactive approach in

Medieval Philosophy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medieval Philosophy - Term Paper Example Examining the writings of Augustine and Aquinas provides textual comparisons in understanding how the two philosophers diverged in their opinions. Augustine The discussion that Augustine held about the Academicians shed light on his point of view where truth was concerned. He relates to his reader, within his letter to Romanianus, that the Academicians seem to believe that there are absolutes and that the truth is a defined place, although they do not know where that place exists. He suggests that moving away from the Academicians and towards philosophy reveals that the truth is defined by the fact that the truth is truth, that it moves through the subject and rests in places where all can discern that it is true, a common place where wisdom is attained. In finding the center of truth, Augustine believes that it is through the study of philosophy that truth can be approached, but not through listening to those who would say that they know the truth definitively without knowing truth. Cicero states in Academica 2.10.32 that â€Å"[The Academicians] hold that something is plausible and in a way â€Å"truth like†, and that they employ this as a guide both in the conduct of life and in [philosophical] investigation and discussion† (Augustine 37). He goes on to discuss Zeno by saying â€Å"He contended that nothing can be perceived except what is true in such a way that it can be distinguished from the false by a dissimilarity in their marks, and that opinion should not enter the mind of the wise man† (Augustine 40). His purpose in going against the Academicians can be summed up in this statement that Augustine makes â€Å"your Academicians should be likewise laughed at, since they say that in this life they follow something truth like, although they do not know what the truth is† (Augustine 44). The Academicians sought the truth, but did not claim to have found it. Augustine discusses that wise men had, previous to the Academicians, been wise because their culture determined that they knew the truth. Academicians, on the other hand, felt that a wise man continued on a search for the truth, but did not ever claimed to have found it. Augustine states that â€Å"Reason, then†¦shows you that a wise man is the kind of person who is not ignorant of wisdom† (Augustine 60). Augustine makes the argument that human beings can find wisdom and that they can discern the truth. He suggests that having knowledge that determines the truth is in the purview of the wise man. Without this accession, there can be no such thing as a wise man. This argument, then, is suggesting that rational thought is in defining what is true. He argues against those who would suggest that it is not possible to ’know’ or to assess ’truth’. In understanding, the human being shows that he has a capacity beyond animals. In his discussion with Evodius, he shows that the human sense of rationality comes from being abl e to understand beyond the inner sense. The inner sense can discern existence, but human reason can understand that there is existence. He moves through his discussion of understanding to explain wisdeom, then back to truth. He states â€Å"

Critically Assess Whether Monetary Union Within The EU Has Been Essay

Critically Assess Whether Monetary Union Within The EU Has Been Successful And Discuss Suggested Changes Which Could Be Made To - Essay Example It will also lay out some of the discussion regarding the debt crisis and the importance of the European Central Bank in the current situation. The Success of Monetary Union within the European Union The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has been extraordinary in the contemporary history of the European economy and was successful in altering the international economic landscape. Following a decade of its release, the Euro was successful in offering steadiness with regard to businesses along with the national economies. The Euro protects against tentative sprints in relation to the national currencies. A sole monetary policy that was adopted for the Member States, which was united with synchronized global fiscal policies, was capable of promoting macroeconomic steadiness. The EMU successfully encouraged Europe of economic integration and also amplified investments, financial incorporation and cross-border business. EMU within the EU also facilitated in enhancing the budgetary discipli ne and even took care and stabilised the repositioning of the exchange rate which were known to upset the European economy at regular intervals in the past (European Union, 2009). The EMU had even augmented the EU’s flexibility to unfavourable jolts and facilitated in promoting management of the international economy by the EU. Besides these the tangible advantages that were generated by the EMU gave rise to or created strong public finances and strengthened the worldwide position of Euro (European Union, 2009). Discussion of the Problems and the Suggested Changes By entering the Euro zone, European countries lost their monetary independence and also their central banks, which in cases like that of the current crisis would back the countries’ sovereign bonds. This is a drawback of the European monetary system and the European Central Bank (ECB) should be allowed to â€Å"stand behind solvent and sovereigns with unconditional and unlimited liquidity† (The Economi st, 2011, p. 65). Whether Germany can accept this situation is still to be seen, but it should admit the implications and get ready for a breakdown of monetary union or try to act in symphony with other various member states. A parallel, although not obvious, could be traced with Argentina’s debt issues a decade ago. Argentina had its peso fixed to the dollar, maintaining something close to a monetary union with the US. In 2001 to early 2002 it suffered a debt and currency crisis leading that country to default. Source: (Hugh, 2011). However, this has not been an option for Greece. German finance minister holds the keys to the money printing machines. The German Chancellor needs to be approached to receive consent for the reason of printing money. Therefore, this trims down the prudence enjoyed by the Portuguese government, but the ways by which the Eurozone gets affected owing to this still need to be explored. In order to further comprehend the aspect, help of an assumption can be taken. For instance, a Chinese

To regulate or not to regulate the Internet Research Paper

To regulate or not to regulate the Internet - Research Paper Example Many politicians and businesses have also embraced the internet in order to sell a better image of themselves to the public. Politicians use the internet for their campaigns because it has many users and these will be able to access the message easily, which the politicians are trying to pass across. Businesses on the other hand are using the internet not only for advertising their products but also for transactions between them and their customers. However, despite the good that the internet has brought, there are also some very malicious activities that go on within it, which have raised a great debate concerning internet regulation in many countries (Yang 359). In this paper therefore, we shall look at some of the reasons why the internet should be regulated and why it should not be regulated on the political and business arena. It is our belief that the internet should indeed be regulated in the political and business arena, especially in the latter. In the business arena, the in ternet should be regulated because there are so many businesses, which conduct their activities through the internet, and many do this without any form of government oversight. This means that some businesses might give false information about their products online and after the customer pays for them, he finds that he receives a product of lesser quality from what he paid for. Furthermore, it is easy for false business websites to be set up online with the intention of defrauding those people who fall into their clutches of their money. Online payment methods have made it easier for people to lose their money to false business schemes and to prevent such things from happening; governments all over the world should take steps to regulate the business activities that take place on the internet to protect their citizens. There should also be internet regulations on the political arena because even though the freedom of expression is a fundamental right to all, some politicians tend to propagate agendas which may be harmful to other people either within their own countries or without. For example, when some politicians propagate racist views online claiming that their own race or ethnic group is far more superior to all the others. If a politician in a multiethnic and multicultural society does this, then there is a possibility that his statements will most likely cause friction between the ethnic groups in this society. To prevent this, the government of such a society should put very strict regulations especially on websites, which encourage disunity within the society, and those who run such sites should be prosecuted and given stiff sentences to discourage others from doing the same (Wu 24 – 43). Governments should therefore take steps to ensure that content from the political arena is regulated over the internet because political news tends to spread very fast online and it is never known who will be able to access it and what its precise consequences will be. The capability of internet service providers to self-regulate is very much open to question because the internet is so wide and encompasses the entire world and it would be very difficult for a single internet service provider to be able to regulate it. There is however, some countries, such as the United Kingdom, where internet service

IOP on Glass, Eyes, and Doll’s Essay Example for Free

IOP on Glass, Eyes, and Doll’s Essay Imagery; vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste). The first impression of a person that someone gets will always color the image of the person. Everything about how someone looks and acts creates how that person is viewed by others. But when this image is controlled by others or the person just isn’t strong enough to show their true self, their identity is twisted into something almost unrecognizable. Henrik Ibsen, Zora Neale Hurston, and Tennessee Williams use the imagery connected with their lead female characters to show how society tries to put individuals down with false generalizations to hide women’s identities. The authors use the imagery of clothing to address how family members try to mold the women below them in power to their image of their character. For the Sternbergs fancy dress ball Torvald want’s his wife Nora to dress up, â€Å" and Torvald wants me to go as a Neapolitan fisher-girl,† (Ibsen 37). The Neapolitan fisher girls are girls from Naples, Italy often thought of as possessing a very classic Grecian beauty. These fisher girls have been subjects of many works of art such as paintings and statues. With Torvald making Nora dress up as a Neapolitan fisher girl he is making her into something beautiful and to be appraised like a piece of art. This image of Nora being beautiful like a painting is Torvald’s way of putting Nora beneath him. He dresses her up and parade’s her among their friends while all the while taking ownership of her beauty. Nora doesn’t get to choose what she wears to this ball and she is not recorded saying a word to anyone a t the party. Torvald even commands Nora to leave the party after she has finished her dance as he doesn’t want anyone being near her. Nora’s identity is lost in the imagery of her Neapolitan fisher-girl costume and Torvald’s control of her dress. By the same token Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God is forced to wear head rags by her husband Joe. â€Å"The business of the head-rag irked her endlessly. But Jody was set on it. Her hair was NOT going to show in the store,† (Hurston 55). The imagery of Janie’s head-rags suggests that she is Joe’s property. Janie’s hair is her personal symbol of power,strength, and identity. Joe by making Janie cover her hair up in head-rags is symbolically stifling Janie’s power and identity. Without her individuality Janie is nothing but what Joe makes out of her, which is his wife. And society too will only see Janie’s image as Joe makes her image to be . Laura from The Glass Menagerie is also suffered to a similar fate as Nora and Janie as her mother forces her to wear chest enhancements. â€Å"‘Now take a look at yourself. No, wait! Wait just a moment- I have an idea!’ Amanda produces two powder puffs which she wraps in handkerchiefs and stuffs in Laura’s bosom. ‘Mother, what are you doing? They’re called gay deceivers! †¦ I won’t wear them!’ â€Å" (Williams 120). Similarly the imagery of the powder puffs implies that Laura is the perfect young woman that Amanda invisions of her. With Amanda putting the powder puffs down Laura’s dress she is trying to envision Laura as a perfect young woman. But Laura just is not this perfect girl who everyone loves and adores like Amanda wants to see Laura as. The imagery of Laura’s deceivingly good figure signifies that people will perceive her as a perfect young woman. Nora and Janie’s imagery of the past and their memories is used against them to paint false images of their identities. Near the end of the play, Torvald has just found out of what Nora had done in the past to save him and utters this simple and resonant statement, â€Å"And I must sink to such miserable depths because of a thoughtless woman!† (72). With this sentence Torvald is making Nora seem like a terrible woman who is mindless to any thought of her husband. Even though much earlier in the play Nora tells Mrs.Linde that she only borrowed money so that her husband wouldn’t die from his illness. Torvald just judges Nora’s image by her actions, not the motives behind her actions. And this paints an entirely false image of Nora as being thoughtless and uncaring about her husband. When in any case Nora was just looking out for her husband, being anything but thoughtless and uncaring. The Victorian society Nora lives in is also as cruel to someone in her position. It goes without saying that the man is always the one to handle the money and the well being of the family. And by Nora borrowing money by herself she is breaking the rigid gender roles that their society has set in place for women. So society will also look down on Nora as a disgraceful woman because of her past actions. Janie is in a similar situation when coming home from the Everglades is judged by her neighbors. â€Å"They passed nations through their mouths. They sat in judgement. Seeing the woman as she was made them remember the envy they had stored up from other times. So they chewed up the back parts of their minds and swallowed with relish,† (1-2). The people of Eatonville, especially the women had always been jealous of the attention Janie had gotten from men for her looks. And with the knowledge that Janie had ran off with a younger man in the past the people think of Janie as a absurd fool. But they don’t know that Janie with all her suffering and joy that she lived through is incredibly wise. The imagery of Janie’s actions or more so the memory of her actions, has the people of her community believing that Janie is nothing more than a lost old woman, falling for the false love of a young man. Janie’s individuality as a woman who is wise and has lived through many tough times is taken away from her as Eatonville reduces her to just a love sick woman. Hurston, Williams, and Ibsen use the imagery of objects to display how people on the outsides of the characters lives perceive them and their individuality. When Jim is over at the Wingfields apartment Laura is telling of how much she loves the unicorn from her glass menagerie. â€Å" You see how the light shines through him? †¦ I shouldn’t be partial but he is my favorite one Haven’t you noticed the single horn on his forehead? †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (143-144). The imagery of Laura’s favorite glass ornament, the unicorn, represents how people in society see Laura. Like the unicorn which light shines through, Laura’s disposition and identity is completely see through. Every facet of her personality is easy to see as she is but a incredibly shy and timid girl. Laura’s love for the unicorn is because of it’s peculiarity of the horn that separates him from the other glass horses in her collection. The imagery of this unique glass unicorn represents Laura’s own individual separation from other girls. Everyone notices that Laura is uniquely different, like her glass unicorn she loves so much.In the same way as the unicorn describes Laura, the Christmas tree in the Helmer’s home describes Nora. â€Å"Hide the Christmas tree carefully Helen. Be sure the children do not see it till this evening, when it is dressed †¦ And what is in this parcel? No no! you mustn’t see that until this evening,† (5 7). The image of the splendid and elusive Christmas tree in A Doll’s House expresses how Nora’s identity is seen by the society around her. The Christmas tree serves the function as an ornament in the household and Nora just like the tree is ornamental in the home. She doesn’t take care of the children, or have a job, she just decorates and dresses up for the people of the house as well as the visitors. And as a decoration Nora isn’t able to voice her own opinion or let her identity shine through the pretty things that accessorize her. Nora’s identity is hidden away throughout the play and as the Christmas tree is hid from the children, Nora’s dress is hidden from Torvald so he will not see her. Nora’s identity is hidden from not only the people she knows but also the one’s she is closest to. She is not able to be herself as society shuns Nora’s true identity, as the loving wife she is that would do anything for her husband, such as borrow money without his consent so he can live. Janie is also in Laura and Nora’s situation as the people in her community judge her actions and therefore her identity because of her hair. â€Å"What dat ole forty year ole ‘oman doin’ wid her hair swingin’ down her back lak some young gal?† (2). Just like the two women in the other pieces of literature, the image of Janie’s long hair is utilized by Hurston to show how Janie’s community in Eatonville doesn’t recognize Janie’s true identity. The women on the porch mention that Janie looks like a foolish old woman with her hair all the way down her back like some young woman. The women of Eatonville think Janie is trying to be like a young woman as she has run off with a young man and is now coming back with her hair no longer tied up. This is not the true image of Janie as she is not trying to be a young woman. After all the life that Janie has experienced she keeps her hair down to show that she no longer cares what people in society think of her. But the image of her loose hair to the rest of her society is of a very rebellious and foolish old woman. They want to see her as a married woman being under the thumb of her husband and not as herself. Even though now Janie is trying to show her true identity the community won’t accept that and is blinding themselves by only focusing on her hair to critique Janie in the way they want to think of her. The three authors use the imagery of speech to the character to shape their false identity in the eyes of their family. One day in the store Joe get’s frustrated with Janie’s poor job at cutting some tobacco and insults her about her age. â€Å"A woman stay round uh store till she get old as Methusalem and still can’t cut a little thing like a plug of tobacco!† (78). The image of Methuselah that Joe says to describe Janie is used to show how Joe and Eatonville see Janie when she is in the store. Methuselah is a man from the Bible that is known to be the oldest person to ever live. The allusion to this character is said by Joe to make Janie feel like she is so old that she is ancient. It insults Janie and her character, making her seem old and inefficient for not being able to cut a plug of tobacco after all the time she spends in the store. Eatonville after hearing what Joe has spoken of Janie can see her as an elderly woman who still can’t do simpl e chores around the store. In a likewise manner Amanda says some harsh words to Laura for dropping out of business college and hiding it from her. â€Å"You did all this to deceive me, just for deception? †¦ We won’t have a business career- we’ve given that up because it gave us nervous indigestion! †¦ barely tolerated spinsters living upon the grudging patronage of sister’s husband or brothers wife!† (93-94). In the same way Amanda’s image placed on Laura when she learns she dropped out of business college in secret is used by Williams to show that Amanda see’s Laura as a weak girl with no identity to her. The image of Laura is that she is a fragile girl with little to no way to support herself having left the one opportunity she had to make a future for herself. The imagery of Amanda’s words that Williams writes twists the picture of Laura into a thoughtless and selfish girl, not thinking about anything but her own personal desires. But her identity is not as a thoughtless girl but as a shy and caring young woman. She is seen as continually concerned for her brother, but still throughout most of the play Amanda see’s Laura as being just self involved. The false image of Laura as being self absorbed is enforced by the imagery of Amanda’s harsh words about dropping out of business college. In opposition to Janie and Laura, the pet names Torvald uses for Nora as terms of endearment are actually very insulting terms to her. â€Å"Is my little squirrel come home? †¦ The same little featherhead! †¦ Come come my little skylark, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (6-7). Comparably Torvald’s words to Nora are suppose to be endearing but with the knowledge of what the animals are is used to paint an unflattering picture of Nora. Squirrels are animals with very small brains and that are generalized as being unintelligent. A featherhead isn’t an animal, but it is implying that Nora’s head isn’t filled with a brain, but is instead filled with feathers. Nothing substantial t hat she can actually make her own thoughts with. Torvald with this term of endearment is suggesting that Nora doesn’t have a brain but just feathers in her head. Furthermore a skylark is a bird that nests on the ground, then being easily destroyed and that are not very distinctive in coloring. This name makes Nora seem plain and foolish. With these pet names of animals that are ordinary Torvald through the imagery of his words is insinuating that Nora is plain and not very bright. Torvald is also putting himself above Nora with his words. He is making it seem like he is the all important person of the house and that he is better than Nora because he is intelligent. Nora’s individuality is taken away from her with Torvald putting above himself and putting her in the background. Nora has no identity when she is with Torvald as he puts her so below himself that he doesn’t believe she can be herself. Tennessee Williams, Henrik Ibsen, and Zora Neale Hurston use the imagery in their works associated with their lead females to portray how society’s views of people is usually false and undermines their individuality. How people are viewed by what they wear, what they own, their past, and what people say to them is a simple way to miss a person’s true identity. These generalized views are easily broken apart when evidence of people’s character is put forward, and this is what get’s society into trouble. These three authors aren’t just writing literature, they are making a statement on how society works. Including how society is wrong and how generalizations about types of people need to be broken in the collective minds of the people so every person is seen as themselves and not as a stereotype. To give everyone their own voice without being prejudged by society’s absurd expectations.

Issues of Healthcare Work and Safety for Employees

Issues of Healthcare Work and Safety for Employees Aims of this assignment are to give a clear understanding of the role of the healthcare assistant, regarding issues found in healthcare. To explain some of the causes, symptoms relating to the healthcare worker and safety and health in the workplace. The aims are also to give an incite to occupational illness and some preventive measures. Following the aims I will make some recommendations and improvements that can be make to improve the health and safety within the workplace. Upon finishing this assignment I will finish with an evaluation of my findings. Noise and Sound. Many health care assistants work in a noisy environment, radio, televisions clients (shouting, banging), phones ringing, bells, machines and trollies squeaking and creaking. The Hazard here results in a working environment that affects the health care assistants concentration, this in turn results increased work place injuries. Risk Hearing is affected for both the health care assistants and the clients, causing the clients to become agitated with the constant noise. Leaving clients and staff feeling agitated with one another. Control here would be to reduce the level of noise within the care environment. Special noise absorbing panels can be hung on walls to reduce the noise level. These panels were introduced into an Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Centre, (Georgia Tech Research Institute). Reducing the noise level within the home from 16 speakers to 1 speaker noise level. Also, helping the veterans to sleep better. Sometimes its a case of getting a hearing aid for a client. Stress never have enough time to carry out jobs. The Hazard here results in jobs rushed to get everything done. Stress is also caused by aggressive clients sometimes treats of violence or actual violence, bad management over worked staff not enough staff resources stretched, bullying due to a client demanding the care assistant do jobs there not supposed to do alone or another member of staff. Risk Lack of concentration, low appetite, tiredness, lack sleep from worrying about work, can cause bad concentration, mental health issues, absenteeism, no patience, snappiness, and physical issues. In severe cases the health care assistant might take their own life as seeing no way out. If its a case of bullying keep records and record findings. Control carry out a risk assessment on the working environment. Control the workload making sure its shared equally among staff. Improve staff working conditions. Ensure staff can voice their opinion to management without repercussions. Keep up to date with in house training. Introduce a wellbeing programme or mindfulness teaching staff how to unwind. Cater for the individual persons needs. As health care assistants, we should follow healthy lifestyles staying fit and active. Also, make sure you know your company policy and health and safety act 2005, know your rights. Dangerous Chemicals fumes and dust example cleaning. Hazard Health care assistant role also include using dangerous chemicals regarding fumes and dust particles in the atmosphere. Risk untrained staff and clients exposed to chemicals. Staff that havent taken part in induction training are at serious risk to burns, breathing difficulties, and in severe cases death. Clients that can gain access to these chemicals are also at risk. 1. Control Follow MSDS (material safety data sheets) if none are provided read instruction on chemicals never use chemicals /medicines unless instructions are provided. 2. No label dont use. 3. Keep chemicals in locked cabinets and locked rooms key pad rooms are better as staff arent running around looking for access. 4. Always use proper PPE equipment. 5. Use chemicals within a well-ventilated area. 6. Never hoover as this allows dust particles to move to other areas. 7. All staff need to be made aware of chemical training, chemical awareness should be rolled out to all staff especially when dealing with hazardous chemicals and waste. Hazard -Occupational related illness with a regard to a health care assistant. You should consider winter vomiting bug, pathogens or infectious diseases. Winter vomiting bugs are notorious in care facilities, hospitals this time of the year causing diarrhoea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, this in turn causes slips, trips and falls among those affected. Risk pathogens are micro-organisms. Manual Handling -Hazard Patient moving and handling. Uneven load lifeless loads, motionless clients who are bed ridden and cant assist in helping to move themselves. RISK Common cause of accidents is manual handling for the Health Care assistant. This in turn causes an impact on resources as many go out sick with injuries resulting from bad practices in manual handling. Some health care assistants can be bullied by clients into rushing not waiting for lifts, hoists or assistance from other staff members. Or shockingly some care facilities dont provide adequate hoists, lifts or staff training for certain areas or jobs. Control Avoid bad practices always refer to your training in good manual handling. Stay up to date on training keep yourself safe. Make sure client moving handling is carried out as safe as possible. Take all safety precautions lifts, two persons lift or as needed. Make sure lifting equipment are kept updated with maintenance and are checked regularly. Lighting in the area is good, considering clients abilities have them help as much as they can, this in turn helps them lifting their spirits. Footwear should be good quality good grips non-slip will help reduce slips, trips, falls. Occupational related illness Bullying. Causes of bullying can be anything from the colour of a persons hair, skin or that bully in this case I will refer to Ms. x. Ms x just had to look at me a certain way for me to know yes, its going to be a crap day. For me it was a case of too happy always smiling, friendly too helpful way too happy to be right in the head. Really my tormentor was going through a difficult time her mom had cancer. Symptoms include work going missing, taunts, called a bad mom for working, pestering, laughing when I fell over while being pushed from behind, telling lies about me to co-workers impacting how others treated me, people stopped talking for appro 8 months. Impact on the worker impact on me as a mom, daughter, sister, aunt, granddaughter, friend you start to question yourself blaming yourself that yes, I must deserve this or is there something wrong with me. My self-esteem was shot to bits I couldnt eat, sleep then Id have binges of food anything. As your always wrong in the bullys eyes you try to please people. Too happy, fat, skinny its a circle it escalated one day when she threw a fork into my face in the packed canteen, everyone just laughed or turned away trying to not make eye contact. I just walked out grabbed my car keys headed to wooded area with one thought in my mind I want the pain to end. I was a nervous wreck at this stage always ready to defend what I was doing. Things moved fast after these events, I fought to get placed on another shift. Bad news travels fast in factories with some effort on my new co-workers they saw through the crap and brought me out of my darkness. Preventive measures the wellbeing programme was introduced within the company. Work areas got split up no women on their own men were slipped into the mix. Private phone numbers were given out if you felt the need to talk (wellbeing) without everyone knowing what was going on. Confidentially line was set up if you felt you or someone you knew needed a chat, were being bullied. Talks were given on how to spot, stop things from going too far. Health and safety statement. Safety statement is a written document thats written into law. This document is a programme written to safe guard employees, visitors, workmen, and anyone that comes into the workplace environment. Safety statement is part of the Safety, Health and Welfare at work act 2005. Safety of employees. Workmen, visitors anyone visiting must be made aware of the Safety Statement. This document must ensure safety and health. Must adhere to the law and its standards. Must cover people, machinery, chemicals, and materials used. Covering work carried out.

Attributes Of A Global Brand Marketing Essay

Attributes Of A Global Brand Marketing Essay There are several attributes that makes Formula One a globalised brand. Firstly, it is highest class of one-seater auto racing in the world, driving the fastest cars on the planet. F1 holds the most exhilarating car races, young boys aspires to be F1 racers, millions of people buy tickets to the races and subscribe to media that streams every year to watch. According to Levitt (1983), different cultural preferences, national tastes and values, and business institutions are vestiges of the past; some inheritances die slowly; others prosper and develop into mainstream global preferences. F1 became a mainstream favourite sport of the world. The state-of-the-art technology used in the race such as engineering of the cars, time keeping, changing of tyres at the shortest time etc. attracts people of the current generation. Almost everyone everywhere wants what they have heard about, seen, or experienced via new technologies (Levitt, 1983). The unpredictability of F1 allows it to attract viewers constantly. It is a unique experience that cannot be duplicated easily e.g. crashing as different parts of the track, the seriousness of the crashes, different outcomes etc. Organising the race is very costly thus running a team is mostly and sometimes entirely sponsored by various big international brands that wish to gain exposure from F1. And thus, consumers of the brands would be aware F1, for the logo will be displayed on all kinds of products and media like advertisements, news and magazine interview articles etc., and promotions for F1 will include the brands logo as well; hence creating maximum awareness to F1 and the international brands market. F1 is a season consisting of series of races held around the world on purpose-built circuits and public roads. The annual calendar is global, taking 19 races in countries such as Australia, Asia (Malaysia, Singapore and Japan), the Middle East (Bahrain), Europe (the mainstay of F1), and North and South America (Canada and Brazil). It goes through major developed countries and with the gigantic scale of the event, F1 is known throughout the countries and their neighbours. Standardisation VS Adaptation According to Levitt (1983), most executives in multinational corporations are tactlessly accommodating; they wrongly presume that marketing means giving the consumer what he says he wants rather than trying to comprehend exactly what hed like, thus persisting with high-cost, customized multinational products and practices instead of pressing hard and pressing properly for global standardization. They are afraid to standardise for fear that the strategy will fail. But Levitt (1983) says that poor execution is often the cause of failure, not the standardisation. According to Levitt (1983), the worlds needs and desires have been irreversibly homogenized. This makes the multinational corporation outdated and the global corporation absolute. Thus we have successful global brands like F1 which are mostly standardised than adaptive to the countries and cultures they are in, with accurate execution. F1 is known worldwide for its attributes as mentioned above, and thus it does not have a need to adapt when entering a new market in another country as what is expected of them is their signature races. The products and methods of the industrialized world play a single tune for the entire world, and the entire world eagerly dances to it (Levitt, 1983). There are 19 races, half of which are held in other continents apart from its traditional base in Europe. Despite that, the only adaption is probably the nature of the course track built for the race or the public roads structure in the countries. For example, from the classic circuits, now countries such as Singapore, Monaco, Melbourne etc., have street circuits, using a combination of public roads and circuits for the race. F1 Grand Prix event spans over a weekend and throughout the practices sessions it has a specific set of rules and control. This set of regulations is by the F1 and is standardised. According to the case study, merchandizing is through specialist F1 outlets worldwide, selling replica model cars, baseball caps, jackets and other memorabilia, all custom-made and packaged with the F1 logo. These subsidiary products of the brand are also standardised, not adapted to whichever country the products are sold. Product Globalization Strategy Adapted from Jim Riley (2012), global strategy of F1 will involve appreciating that success demands a presence in every part of the world to compete effectively, which is what F1 had been doing; expanding to host the races at other continents. F1 make its product similar for each market by using the same set of regulations and control for the races, same technology and security and other elements in the operations despite being in different countries from Europe. Centralised control where the final say still belongs to F1 Management and F1 Administration. Ecclestone founded the F1 Constructors Association (FOCA) to fight for commercial control with Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de lAutomobile (FIA). Taking advantage of customer needs and wants across international borders as F1 fans are spread across the globe, instead of only watching from screens, F1 made it live by hosting at major countries where their target markets were. Locating value adding activities where F1 can achieve greatest competitive advantage, thus the expansion to the most developed countries in the world. Integrating and co-ordinating activities across borders, F1 does by having management and administration team to be there at each different location. This part is significant where Ecclestone established the F1 Promotions and Administration (FOPA). According to Levitt (1983), as long as the marketing is good, consumers would be influenced to accept the product no matter what they claimed they want. This is where Ecclestone succeed in influencing people to crave to watch the race. Conclusion The changing patterns and structures of communication typically related to the demands of globalization require flexibility, responsiveness, speed, and efficient knowledge production, generation, and dissemination (Cynthia Stohl, 2004). A global industry is where firms compete in all world markets in order to survive (Jim Riley, 2012). Thus be like F1 where they venture into all the potential markets. A successful global corporation does not abjure customization or differentiation for the requirements of markets that differ in product preferences, spending patterns, shopping preferences, and institutional or legal arrangements (Levitt, 1983). A global strategy is successful when there are very minor differences between countries and competition is global, it has advantages in terms of economies of scale, lower costs, co-ordination of activities and quicker product development (Jim Riley, 2012). Given what is everywhere the purpose of commerce, the global industry will shape the vectors of technology and globalization into its great strategic fecundity; companies that do not adapt to the new global realities will become victims of those that do (Levitt, 1983). Environment Qantas Identify the Marketing Environmental Factors This paper will state how factors in the environment affect each other in Qantas Moment. The global marketing environment consists of 4 main environments. Refer: Appendix A. Organization environment can be controlled by the firm. Structure Company Image and brand equity are a vital parts in marketing as they help raise finance, form joint ventures and alliances seeking marketing intermediaries, get purchase or sales contract, launch new products etc. (Ebstudies, 2012). From the case we can see it takes very long to build a good rapport, but just one incident to tarnish the reputation. Strategy The technological capabilities decide companys ability to innovate and compete. The design and safety of the Trent engines are extremely important as one minor mistake might tarnish the prestigious reputation and injure people as seen from the Qantas moment. Process Rolls-Royce and Airbus aim to manufacture the desired quality and quantity products. Factors which influence the competitiveness of a firm or to sustain the firm are production capacity technology and efficiency of the productive apparatus, distribution logistics etc. (Ebstudies, 2012). Marketing resources like quality of marketing and distribution network have direct link to marketing efficiency. They are crucial for new product introduction and brand extension (Ebstudies, 2012). In intermediate environment, it is semi controllable by organisation. Supplier Purchasing goods and services from reliable external sources to make the engines and maintain engines is important. Thus suppliers can alter firms competitive position and marketing capabilities e.g. raw material suppliers (for engine parts), energy suppliers, labour and capital. According to Michael Porter, the relationship between suppliers and firm epitomizes a power equation between them; this equation is based on the industry condition and degree to which each of them is reliant on the other (Ebstudies, 2012). According to Ebstudies (2012), the bargaining power of supplier gets maximized in the following situations: The seller is a monopoly or oligopoly firm. The buyer is not important customer. The suppliers product is important input to buyers business and finished product. The supplier poses real threat of forward integration. Every producer has to have several intermediaries for promoting, selling and distributing the goods and service to consumers (Ebstudies, 2012). The intermediaries for Rolls-Royce and Airbus are the airlines and the ultimate consumers are the flight passengers. Stakeholders In the case study, the Qantas Moment had affected the stakeholders greatly. Airbus parent company European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS) share prices fell 3.5% when it happened. Rolls-Royce, the aircraft engine manufacturer fell 5% in share prices right it happened. Rolls-Royce tried to stop the slide in share prices by convincing the City and investors that the incident is a one-off thing than a design fault. However within 2 days, share prices dropped to 9%, losing  £1 billion in market value. When chief executive of Qantas blame the incident on the engine maker, the situation got worst. Rolls-Royce engineers had to decipher the problem in Singapore and London to find out what is the main problem to address the market positively within a few days. Pictures of the blackened, shattered aircraft engine shared all over the world damaged the consumers confidence on its safety record. Qantas grounded all its A380 aircraft fitted with Trent 900 engine for three weeks, other airlines delayed flights for extensive flights and expensive checks to be carried out. It was found out that it was indeed a design fault; the report into the Trent 900 failure states that oil fire is the most likely cause of the explosion, leading Qantas to seek compensation claims. It was also found that there was a potential manufacturing defect in the oil pipes. Thus Rolls-Royce is liable for financial compensation of at least  £19 million to ground and replace the engines for Qantas and Singapore Airlines. Hence, the incident in November 2010 has not only caused damage to Rolls-Royce in financial terms, as well as its hard-earned reputation and the trust of its clients and the public. Only until February 2011 did Rolls-Royce improve its situation when they won a  £1.4 billion service contract from Emirates to maintain the Trent engines on 70 Airbus aircrafts that the carrier was due to take delivery over the next few years, then a  £700 million service deal for Emirates and a  £3.2 billion engine deal for British Airways. Macro environment factors are external to the company and are uncontrollable. They do not affect marketing directly but indirectly influence marketing decisions of the company. Socio-cultural Marketers are interested in the size and growth rate of population in different cities, regions, and nations; educational levels; age distribution and ethnic mix; households patterns; and regional characteristics and movements (Ebstudies, 2012). Social forces attempt to make marketing socially responsible; means that Rolls-Royce and Airbus should take a lead in eliminating socially harmful products and produce only what is beneficial to the society (Ebstudies, 2012). Economic The economic environment also has an impact on the business of an organization; example would be the share prices of Rolls-Royce. Technology Technological changes have also become particularly significant in the post-millennium world; this is particularly true in terms of modern communication technologies (Business Case Studies LLP, 2013). Thus the share prices dropped almost instantly as information was transmitted very quickly. The technological environment consists of factors related to knowledge applied, and the materials and machines used in the production of goods and services (Ebstudies, 2012). E.g. Rolls-Royce and Airbus produce top-notch engines to support commercial planes. Political and Legal Marketing decisions have to take into account government, pressure groups, law etc. Laws influence production capacity, capability, product design, pricing and promotion. Usually government intervenes in marketing process regardless of what their political ideologies are (Ebstudies, 2012). Legal factors are vital as organisations have to work within legislative frameworks; legislation can hinder business by placing onerous obligations on organisations if not dealt with properly (Learning Marketing, 2013). The physical environment consists of ecological factors beyond the organisations control. Physical forces such as non-renewal natural resources are finite e.g. oil, coal, minerals etc. Especially resources that contributes to the fuel the engines need in order to operate, affects the production greatly. Pricing AirAsia Steps to Implement Pricing Strategy Firstly, pricing is one of the key global strategic decisions as the concept of exchanging money for goods and services received, in the form of exchange of bank notes or credit or other credit facility, is widely accepted in todays world (Lee Carter, 2009). Price element of the marketing mix is one of the more controllable and fast in effect, it is the element that generates revenue (Lee Carter, 2009). According to Lee Carter (2009), for a firm that develops and implement pricing strategy for services internationally, AirAsia should go through a series of steps: Identify and analyse factors affecting pricing e.g. cost and revenue models, customer perceived value, legal requirements etc. which is to apply the no-frills, low-cost strategy, a unique cost and revenue model that has been proven successful from short-haul to long-haul Set pricing in the context of corporate objectives which is mainly low-cost flying Develop and select most appropriate price option of low-cost long-haul and low-cost short-haul flights Implement selected option of low-cost long-haul with AirAsia X Manage and finance international transactions Account for terms of trade Factors to Consider in Pricing According to Lee Carter (2009), based on Terpstra and Sarathy (2000), there are some factors to be considered in pricing products and services globally. They are classified under three main categories; organization-specific, environmental and market-specific. Corporate and marketing objectives of AirAsia can be seen from the CEO, Tony Fernandes saying, Our group thrives on innovation in disruptive market by taking the opportunities to fly where others dare not fly or have given up. Thus AirAsia proposed clear-cut comparatively lower fares, going against the tide believing on brighter side of its future. According to the case, AirAsia also has very positive corporate culture, leadership, and entrepreneurial skills and the right management philosophy. Domestic and targeted countries government influences are not significant in AirAsias case except for the fuel hike however it was eventually offset by its unique pricing model. Consumers expectations; the management believe that most customers do not have loyalty to any particular brand, because their choice is driven by prices, location; AirAsias established network of flights to over 60 cities in 16 countries with 126 domestic and international routes from and within Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, and connects to China, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Australia and United Kingdom caters to a larger target markets due to operations in these countries, ability to pay; targeting the regular budget travellers and new customers who switch from premium flights to AirAsia due to the big difference in flight prices, market growth potential; losing some regular travellers but gaining new travellers from premium flights, frequency of purchase; focusing on maximising sales during off-peak periods but setting attractive promotions and discounts. The cost structure of AirAsia is basically to cut down to leaveonly the absolute necessary costs to operate a flight, reducing fixed costs and eliminating most of variable costs. This is done by maintaining a simple aircraft fleet and a route network based on low-cost airports, without complex code-sharing and legacy overheads that weigh down traditional airlines. During economy fluctuations such as inflation and deflation, people always look for cheaper alternatives, especially in recession times. Fluctuations also depend on seasonal changes during summer and school holidays. AirAsia adapts to the market as it the main airline deals with short-haul flights and the new subsidiary is a long-haul carrier, suiting needs of more customer segments. Product range of AirAsia is from the main short-haul flights what they started with to AirAsia X where they focus on long-haul flights. As a low-cost carrier for short distances, they grew to fly further when they came up with AirAsia X, providing options to travellers from more countries to use the airline. AirAsia can be considered a monopoly in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia due to the large numbers of hubs they have, and the number of domestic and international flights from these hubs, dominating from other low-cost carriers like them. A hike in fuel prices caused several low-cost carriers to cease operations as they cannot cope with the increase and thus boost AirAsias market share and enhances its position as the ultimate leader in the regions low-cost airline sector. Market analysts predicted that the AirAsia group would have the marketing know-how and X-factor to capitalise on such opportunities that arise from its competitors falling out of the game. Marketing factors such as product positioning; positions itself as a top-notch low-cost carrier, segmentation of customers by catering to short haul flights in ASEAN and longer haul flights in Asia and UK, image maintained as a good and affordable airline and differentiation of long and short distances flights. When faced with competition in the market, AirAsia targets cities least ventured to, to gain a competitive advantage. And due to its innovative business model, it is able to tide through the fuel price hike better than their competitors. Cost Reduction Strategies According to Lee Carter (2009), we can identify how AirAsia has used cost reduction strategies to contribute to their profitability and sustain from the continuous potential fuel hike. Refer to Appendix A. Economies of scale can be found by the increased number of domestic and international flights after the establishment of AirAsia X to fly new cities in China, Australia and UK. Economies of size are shown when the case said that AirAsia has nine regional hubs in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia instead of just one base in 2009. Learning curve can be seen from the shared service agreement where AirAsia and AirAsia X share pilots, cabin crew, service staff, website, IT platform, marketing and distribution to optimise efficiency on operating costs. AirAsia also invested heavily to build its brand and association with globally recognised organizations such as ATT William F1, British MotoGP etc. The significance in introduction of new technologies by AirAsia is the New Skies; a state-of-the-art booking system that contributed to expansion of booking capacity, allowing up to 1 million flights booking a day. The major competitive advantage over other airlines is that passengers can use the Kuala Lumpur hub to connect to a wide range of routes. And relocating by placing more regional hubs in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, these are areas with low labour costs to achieve the same advantage over the airlines at the cities too. Appendices Appendix A Appendix B Economies of Scale When additional cost per unit of production reduced overall per unit cost, given similar fixed costs Economies of Size Achieved from larger scale of operation through greater bargaining power Learning Curve Cost reduction from greater labour productivity, improved designs, and resource mix Introduction of New Technologies Improved efficiency gained through new technologies in innovation and processes Relocation of Production Moving production facilities to countries with substantially lower labour costs

Achondroplasia :: Free Essay Writer

ACHONDROPLASIA is known as being undersized, or less than 50in. in height. Having short limbs, a normal sized trunk, large head with a depressed nasal bridge and small face. This is a result of a disease in the thyroid gland. It can also be caused by Down syndrome or absorption, a cartilaginous tissue during the fetal stage. Hypochondroplasia, a mild form of dwarfism. Spinal tuberculosis and the deficiency of the pituitary gland secretions. Treatment with thyroxin or thyroid extract early in childhood results in normal growth and development. Somatrophin, also known as the human growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary. Respiratory problems start to occur in infants. Symptoms of problems include snoring and sleeping with neck in a hyperextended condition. The limbs have rhizometic shortening. The legs are straight in infantry but when a child. He begins walking they develop a knock-knee position. When the child continues to walk legs begin to have a bowed-leg look. Occasi onally, these curvatures are fixed. As the child continues to walk the kyphosis disappears and the back assumes a lordotic posture. If a delay in child’s walking occurs, the spine should be monitored closely for signs of gibbous formation. In infancy, hypercephalus can occur. Infants head circumference should be monitored close . Monthly checks of head circumference must be monitored. Radiologic studies are indicated if head circumference raises to disproportionately, or if symptoms of hydrocephalus. Child’s pediatrician should have a copy of head circumference curves for children with achondroplasia. Radiologic procedures for dwarfism include head ultrasound, C-T scan, or MRI of the head. If intervention is necessary, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed relieving the pressure. Infants should also be monitored for foramen magnum compression. It is the opening at the base of the skull in which the brain stem and cervical spinal cord exit. When you have achondroplasia the foramen magnum is compressing the brain stem and spinal cord. Symptoms of narrowing include apnea the cessation of breathing and cervical myleopathy. C-T scans and MRI scans are done to examine the size of the infectious foramen magnum. A neurosurgical procedure called a foramen magnum decompression is executed to alarge foramen and alleviate further symptoms. Adolescents are at risk of getting lumbosacral spinal stenosis. The lumber spinal cord or nerve roots become compressed producing nerosurgical symptoms. Initial symptoms including weakness, tingling, and pain of the legs. Pain usually alleviated by assuming a squatting position.

International Business: The Importance of Ethics in Business Essay

International Business The business world has always relied heavily on contractual agreements while conducting business. These contracts while written in ink, are set in stone. Once your business partner signs his/her name on the dotted line the pact has been sealed and nothing else needs to be said. But what happens when you take away the physical contractual element and everything is agreed upon through one's word? The world of business ethics is an old discipline in most parts of the world, and in most cases, is applied to the everyday business world. But in the case of China, the country of exaggerated numbers and inflated profit margins, business ethics has yet to be fully assimilated into the Chinese business culture. Business ethics is a multi-faceted approach to honesty, integrity, and straight-forwardness in the corporate world. This paper however, is concerned with two main business ethics' topics brought up by Dr. Rothlin in his book, Becoming a Top Notch Player: 18 Rules of International Business Ethics. We will be discussing rules 14 &15 in the following. Rule 14 deals with securing your public reputation by having a commitment to quality and excellence. Rule 15 deals mainly with corruption and it's negative impacts on day-to-day business dealings. Although rules 14 &15 are both in the realm of business ethics, they are very different by nature and therefore we decided to give them each their own separate section. The first section we will go over is rule 14, following that is rule 15. Rule 14 states, "Your public relations strategy will only secure your reputation if it witnesses your drive for quality and excellence". At first glance, this seems like a rather straightforward, obvious principle ... ...middle of the two extremes that would be optimal. The GMC case study is a convincing argument that reliable services build prestige. In cutting the offending companies from their list of contacts, GMC earned a reputation of honesty and loyalty. Such a reputation rewards a business with future financial profits and commercial morality. With Enron in the rear-view mirror, companies need to learn that merely looking like an ethical company is not enough. There must be physical proof of commercial morality. This can only be gained slowly, through many business decisions and years of dealings. As China continues it's rise towards modernization and commercialization, it's companies rely on pure business ethics to build a solid foundation for the future. If these ethical procedures are not practiced, the rapidly growing giant that is China could stall in the mud.

Film Noir and Billy Wilder’s Sunset Boulevard Essay -- Film, Movies, d

Film Noir, a term coined by the French to describe a style of film characterized by dark themes, storylines, and visuals, has been influencing cinematic industries since the 1940’s. With roots in German expressionistic films and Italian postwar documentaries, film noir has made its way into American film as well, particularly identified in mob and crime pictures. However, such settings are not exclusive to American film noir. One noteworthy example is Billy Wilder’s film Sunset Boulevard, which follows the foreboding tale of Joe Gillis, the desperate-for-success protagonist, who finds himself in the fatal grips of the disillusioned femme fatale Norma Desmond. Not only does the storyline’s heavy subject matter and typical character structure suggest the film noir style, but also Wilder’s techniques of photography and empty, worn-down settings make for a perfect backdrop for this dark approach at filmmaking. Often, films made in the style of film noir present audiences with a rugged, cynical, and disillusioned protagonist. While Joe Gillis of Sunset Boulevard does not necessarily match up to this persona at the beginning of the film, the arc of his character eventually molds him into such traits through his hopeless situation and building encounter with Norma. At the start of his story, Joe is depicted by a desperation intense enough that he is willing to give up his own dignity and respect by first lying to bill collectors and fleeing them in his unpaid car, then proceeding to beg for a Hollywood producer to buy his trite stories, and upon the failure of that attempt, stoops so low as to ask this same producer for money. It is this series of actions which eventually lead Joe up to the doorstep of this film’s femme fatale—a frequ... ... undoubtedly makes for a more somber tone to any scene. It is undeniable that from the first scene in which the audience is presented with Joe Gillis’s corpse to the last, where Norma walks boldly into the midst of newscasters, lost in her deranged world of eternal stardom, Sunset Boulevard was filmed with the technique of film noir. Overall, it is conclusive that Wilder’s picture Sunset Boulevard can accurately be recognized as a piece done in film noir style. With the customary cynical and brute protagonist that is discovered in the character of Joe Gillis, and the infamous presence of an unsuspecting femme fatale in the character of Norma Jean, it is evident that such archetypes belong in that style of film. Furthermore, the storyline which is fraught with dismal themes and gloomy, sinister visual effects make for the ideal film noir-styled motion picture.

Research on alcoholic beverages Essay

In this research document I am going to discuss a couple of things concerning the packaging and marketing of alcoholic beverages, then I am going to discuss the target audience of the alcohol industry. there are many rules concerning the packaging and marketing of alcohol in South-Africa, this is due to the fact that we have a lot of car accidents and acts of violence connected to the consumption as evident in the Gauteng liquor policy. According to euromonitor.com the biggest trend at this stage in South Africa is Sustainability not only among manufactures but also among consumers more and more people are becoming more environmentally aware, and this leads to innovation of packaging solutions for the future. Another notable thing that is mentioned on euromonitor. com is that there is more detailed segmentation of international and locally produced products are being applied , stimulating our economic growth in the local alcohol industry. According to ttb. gov the only requirements for the packaging of alcohol in south africa is that it should include the name of the product where it was made and special instructions and warnings and as far as the rest of my research shows it is also a requirement to state on the product that it is not for sale to persons under the age of 18 accept for that there seems to be little constraints concerning the packaging of alcohol. Packaging of products that we produce in south africa sometimes has to relate to international standards due to the fact that we want to export our products but when it comes to advertising alcoholic drinks in south africa there is a couple of things I have to mention. According to the Gauteng liquor policy advertising alcohol increases the amount of alcohol consumed this is a hot debate at this current moment as there are people contesting against the current laws (Gauteng liquor policy, (2011) [pdf]. This shows that the rules regarding advertisement of alcoholic beverages will increase with time, keeping that in mind can be useful in the future regarding the marketing plans that companies that produce alcoholic beverages set up for the future. According to an article – the cost of harmful alcohol abuse in South-Africa; harmful alcohol use is very high in south africa and its stated that it is one of the main risk factors for poor health in South-Africa (http://www. ara. co. za) The target audience for alcoholic beverages is all people that are older than 18 due to law restrictions, the majority of adult do consume alcohol and thus the target audience is quite big the income level of the consumers of alcohol is very diverse but when it comes to specialized products like craft beer for instance the market is much more directed at the upper class, where there is cheaper alternatives for lower income classes. The target audience of alcohol is dependent on the personality of the brand due to the fact that consumers relate to brands and make their choices according to how they would like to portray themselves amongst other individuals. According to Craig Berman the people that drink the most are young men and he also states that men tend to drink more than woman, this is why so manny of the existing companies directly target younger men. (C. Berman 2012 chron . com) Sports fans are also a great target for the alcohol industry due to the fact that men and woman enjoy drinking whilst being entertained by sporting events. The alcohol industry is known for advertising by sponsoring sporting events sport teams and so forth, and in some cases the fans of sponsored teams are just as big fans of the alcohol brand that sponsors their team. So in conclusion the Target audience for alcohol is quite a wide group of individuals but mostly consists out of younger men aged between 18 and 49 and sports fans are also a big hit , the regulations in south africa concerning he packaging is not too strict but one still has to comply to some rules concerning warnings and so forth, the market is very specific and very segmented into various target audiences and lastly the biggest trend in South-Africa’s alcohol industry is focusing on sustainability . Reference list Craig Berman http://smallbusiness. chron. com/largest-target-markets-alcohol-advertising-66914. html http://www. ttb. gov/itd/southafrica. shtml http://www. euromonitor. com/alcoholic-drinks-packaging-in-south-africa/report http://www. ara. co. za/industry-tips/code-of-conduct http://www. ara. co. za/uploads/ban-on-alcohol-advertising/economic-impact-of-an-adban_econometrix_ara_chapter3. pdf.

Ana Code of Ethics Summary

Introduction at that place are club victuals include in the ANA code of ethics. The victuals commode be broken Into three categories. The graduation category Is the nurses ethical responsibilities to her patient which is provisions one through three. Second is the nurses contract to herself, provisions four through six. The tertiary ethical requirement for nurses Is related to their kinship to the nursing profession, community, nation, and world overall. This focus is summarized in provisions seven through nine (AmericanNurses Association, 2013) J. Provisions 1-3 The first three provisions relate to the nurses responsibility to treat anyone with lordliness and respect regardless of that Individuals background, ethnicity, or the temperament or severity of their illness, as wellspring as making the patient the indigenous concern and advocating for them. There Is absolutely no room for discrimination in the nursing profession. One of the simplest principles of distribut ive Justice is that of unappeasable or radical equality.The principle says that every person should have the same jargon of material goods and services (Mason, Alleviate, & Chaffed, 2012, p. 83) l. The Bible in addition supports the principle of treating others with dignity and respect as stated in 1 court 2AAA Show tight-laced respect to everyone.