Statistics on the Incidence of AIDS in the US Research Paper - 1

Insights on the Incidence of AIDS in the US - Research Paper Example In 2007, it has been accounted for that HIV was the third driving reason for mortality for dark people matured 35-44. HIV likewise turned into the ninth driving reason for mortality for all blacks. Actually, around 233,624 Blacks who were determined to have AIDS had passed on in the United States. Besides, African American ladies were known to be multiple times bound to bite the dust from HIV/AIDS contrasted with ladies from different ethnicities. In 2008, African Americans had the most noteworthy pace of death from AIDS, which added up to 27.5 per 100,000 populace. As indicated by Maryland Statistics, Black females brought about higher paces of AIDS mortality contrasted with ladies from different races. Table 1 underneath likewise bolsters these insights. The pinnacle of mortality saw from all races was seen in 1995.  In 1995, profoundly dynamic antiretroviral treatment (HAART) was acquainted with the general population. Prior to 1995, the utilization of protease inhibitors in the United States was not permitted. The United States Food and Drug Administration endorsed the medications in December of 1995 and on March of 1996. HAART is related with diminished mortality and horribleness of patients with HIV/AIDS. Despite the fact that it's anything but a fix, it is utilized to improve a patient’s indications or even their personal satisfaction. Subsequently, the patient’s endurance rate is likewise drawn out. HAART is only one of the other lifesaving developments that have been found. In this manner, after the year 1995, the death rate began to decrease gradually. The decay is very apparent and consistent on White females. In any case, with respect to Black females, the death rate diminished post-HAART however would increment again after 1998. A short time later, the rate irregularly expanded and diminished. The patterns in the death paces of Black ladies with AIDS as contrasted and White patients is really charming. The uniqueness is significant. Certain elements can be ascribed with such inconsistencies in mortality and bleakness rates saw between ethnicities of ladies - most particularly Blacks and Whites - with HIV/AIDS. It is applicable to distinguish such factors so as to concoct arrangements that could help facilitate this difference.

Slave narratives free essay sample

Slaves contained one-fifth or 20 percent of the complete populace of New York City, making it a city with one of the most elevated centralization of slaves in provincial America. (See the basic segment. ) 2. Which articulation portrays African American slaves sees on the American Revolution? A. They saw it as a chance to pick up their own opportunity. As the fight for political autonomy from Great Britain escalated in the late eighteenth century, the talk of the day that openly referenced freedom and opportunity of abuse was not lost on the slaves. They battled on the two sides of the Revolution since they considered the To be as a chance to pick up their own opportunity. (See the initial area. ) 3. What was the demeanor of white New Yorkers with respect to the cancelation of bondage? c. Their disposition was very little unique in relation to their Southern partners. In spite of the fact that New Yorkers lived with a consistent danger presented by defiant slaves, they demonstrated not any more ready to give up their slaves as their Southern partners had been in before times. We will compose a custom paper test on Slave stories or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (See segment African American Life in Eighteenth-Century North America in your course book.) 4. What drove settlers to grasp slave work all the more eagerly in the mid-eighteenth century? b. A lessened gracefully of European-conceived workers Although interest for work in the American provinces stayed high, the flexibly of white work from Europe decreased due to, among different components, the Seven Years War of 1756-1763. (See area Slaves and Free Blacks over the Colonies in your course book. ) 5. Which articulation precisely depicts the extent of servitude in mid-eighteenth-century New England? a. The utilization of slave work ventured into word related parts where it had beforehand not existed By the mid-eighteenth century, servitude ventured into new word related segments and into new geographic territories. In the two cases, the deficiency of white foreigner work provoked this changed dynamic. Oppressed Africans were utilized as disciples to gifted craftsmans and were utilized as workers in grain-creating tasks in southern New England. (See area Slaves and Free Blacks over the Colonies in your course reading. ) 6. How did the settlement of Georgias relationship to bondage change in the1750s? b. The colonys prohibition on slave imports was lifted, permitting Georgia to turn into a slave society. Set up as a military cradle between Britains rewarding Carolina settlements and Spanish Florida, Georgia didn't allow servitude under the particulars of its unique contract. Capitulating to enormous political weight, the colonys trustees lifted this boycott in 1751 and Georgia immedi ately changed into a slave society, seeing an unstable increment in the slave populace in under thirty years. (See segment Slaves and Free Blacks over the Colonies in your course reading. ) What supported the dark populace in pilgrim New England? c. The constant importation of slaves legitimately from Africa Domestic birth rates among slaves in New England remained amazingly low. Accordingly, provincial New Englanders depended on a lively exchange slaves imported legitimately from Africa. By the mid 1740s, 70 percent of all slaves brought into New England were brought straightforwardly from Africa, an inversion of a powerful that existed before in the eighteenth century when 70 percent of all slaves brought into New England started from Britains West Indian provinces. (See segment Slaves and Free Blacks over the Colonies in your course book. ) 8. What level of the absolute northern populace did free blacks contain? c. 10 percent In both the North and the South, dark opportunity contracted as the eighteenth century advanced. Free blacks spoke to an irrelevant part of the all out populaces of any of the given Southern settlements. Albeit progressively basic in northern settlements, their numbers never transcended 10 percent of the complete populace. (See segment Slaves and Free Blacks over the Colonies in your course book.) 9. How did New England blacks structure a particular African American culture? b. Building up their own customs and festivities Establishing new ceremonies and festivities was one manner by which the dark populace of New England made their own particular culture that mirrored the osmosis of the American-conceived populace close by the impact of ongoing African appearances. Negro Election Day is one case of this marvel. This festi val was to a great extent restricted to New England and was an open door for blacks to culturally diverse and phonetic partitions. It likewise allowed the frail the chance to assume the job of the ground-breaking. (See area Shaping an African American Culture in your course reading). 10. What was the eighteenth-century restoration development that moved through pilgrim America called? d. The Great Awakening The Great Awakening alludes to a strict recovery development of the eighteenth century that spread all through the provinces and encouraged a feeling of fairness that spoke to both white and dark Americans. Section 3 gives more inside and out data about its consequences for the American slave populace and how it impacted the American Revolution. (See area The Slaves Great Awakening in your course reading. ) 11. What was the name of the eighteenth-century scholarly development that addressed customary organizations, customs, and ethics? a. The period of Enlightenment The time of Enlightenment was when masterminds in America and in Europe addressed conventional establishments, ethics, customs, and qualities. American pilgrim pioneers regularly confined their investigate of their relationship with Great Britain through the perspective this development gave. (See area The African American Revolution in your course book. ) 12. How did African Americans utilize the atmosphere of the American Revolution in their endeavors to realize a conclusion to servitude? b. They battled for the two sides in the contention. Slaves exploited the social issue in the Revolutionary time to hold onto their opportunity. When the contention with Great Britain started, criminals could regularly make sure about opportunity through military assistance. While in excess of 5,000 African Americans battled close by the nationalists, around fifteen thousand dark supporters presented with the British, who had guaranteed opportunity to the individuals who might serve them. (See segment The African American Revolution in your course reading. ) 13. What was the Somerset case? c. It was a claim recorded in the interest of a runaway African-conceived slave in a British court The Somerset case at last liberated an American slave named James Somerset in 1772. Conceived in Africa, Somerset was later sold into subjection in Virginia, where he lived until his proprietor welcomed him to London while going on business. Somerset fled, and was in the long run secured when a British abolitionist lobbyist tested his proprietors option to confine him. Eventually, Somerset would pick up his opportunity because of the British courts deciding for Somerset. (See area The Road to Independence in your reading material. ) 14. How did American nationalists react to African Americans requests for opportunity during the Revolutionary Era? d. With lack of concern Although northern blacks made a decent attempt to outline their interests for opportunity in the Revolutionary language of the period, with its accentuation on regular rights, balance, and opportunity from oppression and mistreatment, such interests commonly failed to attract anyone's attention. Numerous pioneers in the nationalist reason, for example, James Otis, decided not to connect the battle for their political opportunity from Great Britain with the opportunity battles of the oppressed. (See area The Road to Independence in your reading material. ) 15. Who was Crispus Attucks? b. He was a runaway slave who turned into the principal saint of the American Revolution. Crispus Attucks was a free dark man of African and Nantucket parentage who had made sure about his opportunity by fleeing from his lord as a youngster. He proceeded to join the positions of Bostons common laborers, as a worker on the citys docks. Attuckss hatred toward the British nearness in the city of Boston, a disdain shared by his kindred dockworkers, at last prompted his association in what might be known as the Boston Massacre. (See area Black Patriots in your course book. ) 16. What was Lord Dunmores Proclamation? c. A record stretching out opportunity to dark men ready to battle for the British Issued in November 1775 by Virginias regal representative John Murray, the Earl of Dunmore, Lord Dunmores Proclamation guaranteed opportunity to blacks in return for their readiness to serve in the British armed force. (See area Black Loyalists in your reading material. ) 17. What at last persuaded George Washington to permit dark men to battle in the Continental Army? c. The possibility that his own slaves might battle for the rival side The potential situation where Virginia slaves were battling for the British persuaded Washington to return to his prior restriction against dark soldiers serving under his order. The Continental Congress proclaimed all blacks qualified for administration in the military multi week after Dunmore gave his declaration. (See segment Black Loyalists in your course book. ) 18. What job did blacks play in Britains Revolutionary War southern procedure? a. They filled in as scouts and fighters Blacks assumed essential jobs in Britains southern procedure, filling in as everything from scouts to officers. While their commitments would demonstrate important, Britains southern system eventually neglected to deliver the outcomes the British had sought after. Dark interest in the British reason solidified the purpose of southern loyalists, a result the British had painfully disparaged. (See segment American Victory, British Defeat in your course book. ) 19. Where did dark supporters who favored the British likely resettle when the Revolutionary War finished? b. The Bahamas Britains Royal Navy emptied approxim

Scholarship Essay Samples - How to Use Scholarship Essay Samples

Scholarship Essay Samples - How to Use Scholarship Essay SamplesThe best way to have your scholarship essay submitted is to use scholarship essay samples that are of the highest quality. Here is a look at how you can make sure your essay comes out exactly as you want it to.To get your scholarship essay noticed you need to be unique in every way. You need to have a unique perspective. You also need to present yourself in a way that makes you stand out from the competition. That is why you need to use the best scholarship essay samples out there.The essay samples you choose should be polished and professional. They should be polished because students want to know that the essay is written by someone who has taken a lot of time to perfect the material. A poorly written essay will show a lack of attention to detail and an amateur writer.One of the major components to writing a college essay is writing a thesis statement. Theses are some of the most important parts of the essay. There are some great scholarships that focus on this and you want to take advantage of this. Writing a thesis will make you stand out above the competition and make you an expert in your field.The best scholarship essay samples will also tell you how to use the proper spelling and grammar when writing your thesis. They should also tell you what subject area to concentrate on and which ones to avoid. You also want to use the right way to explain your background.In order to be in competition with the best scholarship essay samples, you need to think like the reader. You need to have your own ideas about the subject and then present them in a way that makes sense to the reader. When you can show the reader your ideas and concepts in an original and effective way, you will get the reader's attention and they will begin to want to read your scholarship essay.Writing a scholarship essay requires so much work, and the best scholarship essay samples will teach you how to do it. Theses are not just a list of facts and figures. They are designed to challenge the reader and provide them with a way to learn something new.Do not be surprised if you find that writing a scholarship essay takes a lot of time and effort. Scholarship essay samples are very helpful for helping you write a powerful piece of writing, but you must remember that it is just one step. Once you have your scholarship essay, you will need to put in a lot of hard work and dedication to make it a reality.

Behavioral Theory Rebt ( Rational Emotive Behavioral...

Behavioral Theory: REBT Diana Herrera Saint Leo University ABSTRACT The current research paper will go into detail about the behavioral theory, REBT (Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy). REBT is a form of therapy that helps individuals replace negative thoughts into positive thoughts, this kind of therapy helps the individual acquire the necessary tools to obtain a healthier emotional well-being. Dr. Albert Ellis is the main contributor and founder of REBT and is known as one of the most influential psychotherapist and psychologist in history (Ellis, 1993). This research paper will go into detail about the individual’s behavior in counseling sessions, societal problems, solutions to the societal problem and future research as well as various examples of how REBT can help different individuals in various settings and of any age. The ABC model will also be explained and shown how it can be applied in REBT. Keywords: REBT, ABC model, therapy, Dr. Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy also known as REBT was first tested and contributed by Albert Ellis in 1955 and it is used today in counseling sessions (Ellis, 1993). Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy is the first form of cognitiveShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Rational Emotive Behavior Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesproper theory for the case study. The theory will help the counselor to determine which treatment will fit best for the case study. The theory that will be used in this case study is Rational Emotive Behavior. The theory will help with depression and anxiety. Client will be able to have rational belief in their daily life. The concept of the theory that makes it the most appropriate for the client in the case study is Rational Emotive Behavioral. According to Nielsen, Ridley, and Johnson â€Å"REBT alsoRead MoreThe Following Paper Will Look At The Differences And Similarities1394 Words   |  6 Pagessimilarities in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy as well as Reality Therapy. The paper will thoroughly address the theoretical assumptions of each approach the appropriate setting and population for each approach as well as the therapeutic techniques. The efficacy of each approach will also be explored. Additionally, the paper will explore who each approach accounts for or reflects the common factors that are said to be associated with therapeutic efficacy. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)is anRead MoreRational Emotive Behavior Therapy : Theory, Techniques And Applications Used During Group Therapy1674 Words   |  7 PagesRational-Emotive Behavior Therapy The Theory, Techniques And Applications used During Group Therapy Donna Garrison Group Dynamics and Counseling (CP 6610) Troy University â€Æ' The following paper will attempt to describe Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), its theory, techniques and applications during group. REBT is a method of therapy developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950’s. Ellis developed his theory and therapy in reaction to what he saw as the inadequate techniquesRead MoreThe Goals Of The Group Therapy987 Words   |  4 PagesGroup Counseling The goals of REBT group therapy involve encouraging members to think clearly, engaging group members in the process of finding solutions to difficult issues, and resolving pointless emotional misery. As with individual REBT therapy, group therapy sessions are regarded as an educational process. Through this form of group therapy, members learn to identify and dispute irrational beliefs that are self-directed. Group members learn how to identify and dispute their faulty thinkingRead MoreCounseling Model And The Abc Framework1496 Words   |  6 PagesCounseling Model Ellis initially illustrated the REBT theory counseling model with the ABC framework. The A component is the relationship between activating events. The B component is the client’s beliefs about A which cause C component. Furthermore, the B component is the client’s irrational beliefs about A. Next, C is the cognitive, emotional or behavioral consequences of the client’s beliefs and consequences of A. The framework has been expanded to include D, E, and F components. DisputingRead MoreTheoretical Perspective As A Professional School Counselor1452 Words   |  6 Pageswill cover multiple theories, such as solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), and person-centered therapy. These theories relate to my own viewpoints and attitudes. The view of human nature, the problems associated with human nature, the process of changing, and how I will use these theories in practice are the four main topics that will be discussed in the paper. These topics will also explain, in detail, the effectiveness of each theory and the counselor’sRead MoreClinical Psychology Interview1575 Words   |  7 Pagespsychologist, career path, qualities necessary for someone in the field to be successful and training. Cognitive-therapy is the approach that was discussed. Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is Dr. Smith, Ph.D concentration. The cognitive therapy history and approach was supported by a journal article of Albert Ellis (1913-2007), who is known to be the originator of cognitive-behavioral therapy and definition given by wikipedia.org. Personal insight was gained through conducting a professional interviewRead MoreIn this compare and contrast paper I will h ighlight the differences and commonalities1167 Words   |  5 Pagesmodel of counseling, theories, and techniques of Rodgerian theory called Rodgers’ Client-Centered Therapy (RCCT), Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). All of these theories are a form of psychotherapy. Couselors today use techniques such as pharmacological intervention and cognitive and behavioral therapy. They are not wrong in using these techniques, but rather should seek the Lord and take a biblical approach in therapy. Part 1: Goal of ChristianRead More Roger’s Theory as compared to that of Ellis’ Theory Essay973 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophy and philosophy of education influenced his personal life experiences which led him to a revolutionary of theory of therapy (Corsini, 2011 p. 148). According to an electrical resource, Client –centered therapy is a form of talk psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers in 1940s and 1950s (â€Å"PCT†, n.d.). Certainly, Rogers’ non-directive approach to client- centered therapy focused on the importance of individual feelings and perceptions of self in the present. Rogers believed that thisRead MoreCurrent Treatment Of Conditions Case Study704 Words   |  3 Pageschapter dedicated to counseling theories. A few therapies mentioned throughout Chapter 5, Counseling Theories, entail: Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy, Person Centered Counseling, and Cognitive Therapy. Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) is an evidence based therapy in which assists an individual to change their thinking from irrational to rational using the A-B-C model (Parker Patterson, 2012). Techniques that may be used while attempting REBT involve: role playing, demonstrations

Revolutionary War Started - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 306 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander Hamilton Essay Did you like this example? In 1775, when the Revolutionary War started, Hamilton turned out to be a piece of the New York Provincial Artillery Company and battled in the clashes of Long Island, White Plains and Trenton. In 1777, after Hamilton battled in that years clashes of Brandywine Creek, Germantown and Princeton, he was elevated to lieutenant colonel of the Continental Army. Amid his initial administration in the battle for American freedom, he grabbed the eye of General George Washington, who made Hamilton his partner and confided in counselor. For the following five years, Hamilton given his composition abilities something to do. He composed Washingtons basic letters, and created various reports on the vital change and rebuilding of the Continental Army. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Revolutionary War Started" essay for you Create order Becoming fretful in his work area work, in 1781, Hamilton persuaded Washington to give him a chance to taste some activity on the front line. With Washingtons consent, Hamilton drove a triumphant charge against the British in the Battle of Yorktown. Cornwallis surrender amid this fight would in the long run prompt two noteworthy transactions in 1783: the Treaty of Paris between the United States and Great Britain, and two bargains marked at Versailles among France and Britain and Spain. These bargains and a few others involve the accumulation of harmony assentions known as Peace of Paris, authoritatively denoting the finish of the American Revolutionary War. While filling in as a guide for George Washington, Hamilton had come to understand Congress shortcomings, including desire and disdain between states, which, Hamilton accepted, originated from the Articles of Confederation. (He trusted that the Articles † thought about Americas first, casual constitution † isolated as opposed to brought together the country.) Hamilton left his consultant post in 1782, persuaded that setting up a solid focal government was the way to accomplishing Americas autonomy. It would not be the last time that Hamilton worked for the U.S. Armed force.

Wild Water Gets Soaked Essay example - 694 Words

1. I can surely state that New Jersey shore is a way much better place to relax, then it is in NY shores, simply because I did have a chance to see the both. NY shore is, obviously, more crowded, whereas NJ is less, and since the distance between the two is not so big, families would rather choose quite, not crowded location. NY and Jersey states are high dense areas, so the population is not an issue; conversely, growing trend is the issue to fight. An educated guess is that this precise fact initialized a development of condominiums. So, now, Salernos will have to come up with something to be able to sustain and to progress. In the next few years, Wild Water will be experiencing an intense constraction sight. This is when the owner of†¦show more content†¦As for Salernos, the latter issue is even more hectic, because they have to find the way to increase the profits, so the staff didn’t choose the opponent (it’s certain that a new comer will need some locals to work for him). This is when the loyalty will be double-checked. 3. The plan now is to be able to deal with the new owner. In my view, there is a room for doing the successful business for the both. Salernos will need to see the construction plan first. As was stated in the case, visitors are most likely to be interested in Golf. The two managements would have to decide, where to locate the Golf area, so it’s suitable and/or beneficial for both parties. For example: If Solernos are not able to build the court themselves, may be they could offer some service to the visitors. May be some sort of tea place after the game etc. In general, it would have been beneficial for the both if the two places are â€Å"one complementing another†. Reaching the goal needs total collaboration during the restructuring period. So issues like this need to be agreed. Also it was mentioned that the Salernos small office is lined with pictures of their employees and customers. So what they could do to encourage old visitors to come back is to give them discounts. This will not only imply to them, but also for the new coming customers. They might consider going through the old registration records to find theShow MoreRelatedWild Water Gets Soaked890 Words   |  4 PagesWild Water Gets Soaked I believe that the macroenvironmental elements that affect the Salernos are laws and regulations and the economy. The Salernos have to abide by laws and regulations as any business in the United States. They are affected by the economy because their business is only open several months out of the year. In this time frame they have to put in extra work in order to make sufficient income in the limited amount of months that they are open. Their limited income has stoppedRead MoreWild Water Gets Soaked Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesscreen (go here to download one) and describe the challenge Ms. Nooyi has ahead of her. As of October, 2007, she seems to be moving the company in the right direction - PepsiCo stock is up over 10% under her leadership. ( CONCLUDING CASE - WILD WATER GETS SOAKED Case Summary: This case reveals how important it is to organizations of all sizes to be prepared and ready to implement changes in business scope and even product mix in order to combat the effects ofRead MoreMiss Havisham and Magwitch from Great Expectations Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pagespassion for the Kent marshes and docks. In a physical sense, the convict seems to mirror the marshes in many ways, â€Å"A fearful man, all in coarse grey†¦ A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The colours of Magwitch’s reflect the bleakness of the surroundings, and the way he has been â€Å"soaked in water† and â€Å"smothered in mud† emphasise how he appears to erupt violently from the marsh and be part of it. Both Magwitch and the marshes seem to terrify Pip, â€Å"I was dreadfully frightenedRead More Silk - The Queen of Fibers Essay example1617 Words   |  7 Pagesdone to his trees. When Xilingshi went out to examine the trees, she found white worms eating the leaves of the mulberry leaves and spinning shiny cocoons. She then accidentally dropped one of the cocoons into some hot water. And when she started playing with the cocoon in the water, long white strings disentangled themselves from the cocoon. It is said that this was how silk was discovered. Xilingshi then went to Emperor Huangdi to ask him to give her a grove of mulberry trees, in order for herRead MoreThe Conspiracies Associated With The Reason Why The Usa Joined The Vietnam War1538 Words   |  7 Pagesclots and the water gun and how the smell had soaked into my skin and how I couldn’t wash it away† (51). O’Brien’s loss of self-control when telling Elroy what he worked as shows O’Brien’s true self. By displaying himself as an innocent kid, O’Brien is able to bring up the random description of the blood clots and water gun. The blood clot symbolizes O’Brien’s contemplation of fleeing the Vietnam War, and the water gun symbolizes his obligation to serve society. The water gun is used to get rid of theRead MoreEndangered Tigers Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesEndangered Tigers Today wild tigers exist in Eastern Russia, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, North Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bhutan, India and Nepal. In order to live in the wild, tigers need water to drink, animals to hunt, and vegetation in which to hide. As the mountains, jungles, forests, and long grasses that have long been home to tigers disappear, so too, do tigers. Agricultural expansion, timber cutting, new roads, human settlement, industrial expansion and hydroelectric dams pushRead MoreDescription of Beer in History of the Worlds in Six Glasses by Tom Standage765 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Standage the discovery of beer was around 10,000 BCE, it was made from grain that grew in the region called Fertile that could be stored and made wet or soaked to turn into beer (p 15). Beer was shared with several people and goes on to become a social drink. Standage goes on to explain about another beverage made with wild grapes vines produced between 9000 and 4000 BCE in northern Iran (p 47). Wine became a symbol of social differentiation and a form of conspicuous consumption. In thisRead MoreMaking Yeast Doughs1805 Words   |  7 PagesThere are four basic ingredients used in making yeast doughs – flour, water, yeast and salt. Lean doughs contain these four, with or without addition of little sugar or fat. So how come there are so many kinds of different breads: crunchy baguette, chewy bagel, soft rolls†¦? Proper manipulation of these same ingredients can result with large variety of breads. If you add some more fat, sugar and eggs to this mixture, you will make enriched yeast dough. Making Yeast Doughs There are nine basicRead More7 Ocean Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesreels in 7 Oceans, but in this instance set it under the sea. Retro in its major aspects, the reels are vintage and the screen holding the game depicts starfish, miscellaneous tropical fish, clown fish, and beautiful coral finding itself in deep blue waters. With a simulated 3D set of 3 reels utilising glared lighting, the effect is not very remarkable, so video slots of today need not worry about competition when it comes to the UI from 7 Oceans. Symbol wise, there is a lot that will look familiar hereRead MoreI Have More Than A Day1307 Words   |  6 Pagesyou feel hotter because you’re pregnant.† Joan understood the discomfort of strolling along in the heat during an advanced state of pregnancy all too well. Carina was due to deliver within a week or so, and Joan wagered her friend would be happy to get it all over with, just as Joan had been. They arrived at the market and headed straight for the herb and oil tent, which offered shade from the relentless sun. Carina paused and sniffed a bottle. â€Å"Oh, field balm. Nice and minty. I might†¦ Ooo!† She

Combating organized crime free essay sample

Combatting organized crime is an exhausting job. Law enforcement must weed through backgrounds and known associates to piece together which criminals are affiliated with which organization and what areas they belong to. In addition to sorting out criminals law enforcement must take a look within. Many criminal organizations pay off police officers, political figures and other influential people to maintain their business and low profile. They use these officers to look the other way when their criminal activity is happening but also to bust other organization that are working in their desired areas. The best way to combat organized crime is to infiltrate them. Having someone on the inside can give law enforcement an upper hand. Not only will the undercover be exposed to secret information but will also be aware or officers or politicians that are involved with these criminal organizations. Undercover police work is dangerous but if it is done right, it can give an insight into the operations in some of the country’s most notorious organized crime units. We will write a custom essay sample on Combating organized crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some legal limitations associated with combating organized crime using undercover police work would be officer safety. There are six main points to ensure officer safety. The first one is Plan the operation carefully. From training programs to escape procedures, ever base need to be planned out and executed very carefully. The second is an operational plan. Every person involved with the organization must know exactly what is expected of them. Should someone be confused about their role can have deadly consequences for the undercover agent. The third is flash roll management. Should the suspect be aware of where the uncover keeps his money can cause him to resort to violence to obtain the money without having to give up and goods. The fourth is establish good communication procedures. The undercover officer should have means to reach the operations chief at all times. The chief should also be able to assess the operation at all times for danger. The fifth ties in with the fourth. Communication should be open at all time between the undercover and home base. With outside communication the undercover can be aware of dangers that lie outside of his immediate location. The sixth is remove the undercover before the scene of arrest. Should the undercover be present could cause more rage and reaction from the suspect causing harm to the arresting officers. (Burton, 1995) When it comes to laws and undercover work some issues that come about is officers have to break some laws or participate in criminal activity to fulfil their character to the organization. Some crimes they partake in include drug sales and distribution, money laundering, fencing and or perjury. Although the officer is partaking in these crimes to gather information to build their case against that specific organization, there is a fine line the officers must walk to maintain integrity within their operation. Prosecuting Organized Crime Prosecuting organized crime groups prove to be difficult in some areas. Criminal organization survive off of bribery and violence. Money talks to most people and when economic times are rough people tend to look the other way for the right price. Corrupt officers and political officials are willing to lie on the stand and give false testimony because they are being paid by the organization. An analysis of five decades of news reports reveals that since 1960, a total of 295 Chicago Police officers have been convicted of serious crimes, such as drug dealing, beatings of civilians, destroying evidence, protecting mobsters, theft and murder (Hagedorn, et al. , 2013). When you have officers on the payroll of organized crime groups it is harder to get arrest let alone prosecutions.

Veterans Day free essay sample

Name would be here 11-12-09 Veterans Day Veterans Day isn’t about relaxing at home or hanging with friends. Instead, it’s about remembering those who served in the war and died, and honoring the military soldiers. It first started on November 11, 1919. Just one American Veteran is still alive today: 108-year-old Frank Buckles. In order to recognize Veterans Day, the Dublin society should host a community walk, wear white, and bring in real soldiers to talk.The community walk should be mandatory for every Dublin resident to attend because it is a way for them to show their honor to the ones who have died. Walking together would show the amount of respect we have as a community for the soldiers. The citizen’s of Dublin should wear white to represent the bravery; one of the many characteristics that the soldiers had. By wearing white, we can learn the value of sacrifice and putting a cause before ourselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Veterans Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The soldiers could come and talk about their experiences in the military. They could also talk about how they survived being a soldier and what they are doing to serve their country. Some people would think that the vets were heroes while others would think that they’re only regular people who just went to war. They don’t know how these soldiers risked everything they ever loved in order to save their country. We shouldn’t think of them as heroes, but legends, who stepped up against the world and fought with everything they had. â€Å"From our soldiers, we should learn this most important lesson: all life is sacred, and every citizen is important. †

Structural Design of a Building Essays

Structural Design of a Building Essays Structural Design of a Building Essay Structural Design of a Building Essay have always been attractive characteristics to consultants and developers. In today’s fast tracked construction projects where time and schedule are of essence, these qualities become decisive in choosing the type of structure to be built. At present, Structural Steel Works, Inc. offers all of the advantages of steel as a building material at the most competitive price without sacrificing quality control. Advantages of using steel:- Superior Strength and durability. Precise measurements, perfect angles. Resistant to pest. Great protection against the worst weather conditions. Steel Components mean minimal material waste. Installation is fast and simple. Labour costs are minimal. Steel is recyclable. A cost Effective material. Structural steel building CONCRETE Reinforced concrete can be strengthened by using a number of different methods, such as -: reinforcement bars reinforcement grids reinforcement plates reinforcement fibers Concrete is very strong in compression but not in tension so these materials are there to help strengthen the concrete in tension. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel. Other materials used to reinforce concrete can be organic and inorganic fibers as well as composites in different forms. The most common method of strengthening concrete is to use reinforcement bars. For a strong, ductile and durable construction the reinforcement should have the following properties: High strength High tensile strain Good bond to the concrete Thermal compatibility Durability in the concrete environment Advantages of using precast concrete:- Column-Free Long Spans With fewer columns and more usable floor space, precast, prestressed concrete provides greater freedom for space utilization. Conserves Energy Prestressed concrete components can improve the thermal storage potential of a building. It effectively conserves energy required for heating and cooling. Maintenance Free Precast concrete does not require painting and is free from corrosion. Its durability extends building life. Resists Fire Durability and fire resistance mean low insurance premiums and greater pers onnel safety. Those who investigate life cycle costing will appreciate the precast concretes excellent fire resistance characteristics. Rapid Construction precast concrete construction gets the job done sooner. The manufacturing of prestressed members and site preparation can proceed simultaneously. Early occupancy provides obvious benefits to the client. Versatility of Design Precast concrete buildings are not only functional but beautiful as well. Numerous panel configuration design possibilities are available. Structural concrete building As raw material prices differ, so does building design. During times of lower steel prices, more steel and less concrete is used, and vice versa, but both materials are typically used together. Concrete without steel reinforcement crumbles under tensile loads. Steel on its own, without composite or reinforced concrete floors, is likewise not a preferred building method. While rebar is almost always steel, it is not considered structural steel and is described separately in the rebar and reinforced concrete articles. While both steel structures and Reinforced concrete cement(R. C. C)structures have their pros and cons, the steel structures have better strength to weight ratio than RCC, and can be easily dismantled(Steel structures, which have bolted connections can also be reused to some extent after dismantling).

Hominins Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hominins - Assignment Example The original airing of the film was on March 27, 2003. It reveals the events that occurred nearly three million years ago (Turner 67). Professor Winston achieves to trace the history of humankind from the ape-man to the upright man. The film also captures the main points such as stone tool manufacture, meat eating, extended childhood, and bipedalism. The development stages start with an Afarensis, Lucy, also called the â€Å"First Ancestor.† The ape was the first primate to walk on two legs. Lucy’s societies engage in leadership conflict. The film focuses on the bipedality of the species. The second species is â€Å"Blood Bothers† that mainly dominates East Africa. The species consists of Homo habilis, Paranthropus boisei, and Homo rudolfensis. The third species in the tree is â€Å"Savage Family† which consists of Homo erectus and Homo ergaster (Barry, Robert, and Lynn 56). The setting of the species is Kenya and China. The last species in the species is â€Å"The Survivor† that includes Homo sapiens idaltu, Homo sapiens, Neanderthal and Homo heidelbergensis. The film has the strengths of enabling the audience to understand the evolution of human beings successfully. It presents the species as they occur in n orderly manner. It does well in covering the main these and events in human evolution. It gives detailed explanations on the environmental factors that could have influenced the species to acquire their distinct characteristics (Turner 79). The films use special effects from the latest scientific theories to enable the audience understand t easily. The film uses good visual effects that appeal to the audience. Though the film achieves to provide a comprehensive explanation about the evolution of human beings, it has some flaws. It uses a weak theory. For instance, it does not analyze the factors that the species were responding to when acquiring specific features. Strong theories should

The Effect of Milling on the Triboelectrification Properties of Literature review - 1

The Effect of Milling on the Triboelectrification Properties of Flurbiprofen Salts - Literature review Example This literature review seeks to investigate some of the electrostatic concepts as well as the potential effects of milling on the triboelectrification properties of Flurbiprofen salts. Electrostatics is a phenomenon which generally involves the build up of charges on the surfaces of particles and objects which are in contact with each other. One of the most fundamental equations commonly used in electrostatics is Coulombs law which effectively describe the force between any two point electric charges. According to Coulombs law, the magnitude of electrostatic force between any two point charges is dependent on the magnitude of each charge as well as the distance between the charges. The concept of work function generally refers to minimum energy (in electronvolts) required to remove an electron from a solid and transfer it to any point outside the surface of the solid. Work function represents the least amount of energy needed to get rid of the weakest electron from its location. Consequently, electrons are often moved to a function with the lower work function of the substance with a higher work function (Bailey, 1993). Based on these rules, Elajnaf’s group (2006) suggested a triboelectric sequence where the substance with the highest sequence, but with a lower work function would experience the highest level of electropositive charge when it came in contact with the substances in the lower sequence. Contact Potential difference is an important concept that can be used to measure the changes in work function of a particle surface. An electrostatic potential usually exists between any two dissimilar electrical materials (such as conductors and semiconductors with different electron work functions) which are brought into physical contact. According to Elajnaf et al. (2006, p.102), contact surface characteristics such as surface texture, surface resistivity and contamination and particle properties such as surface resistivity, crystal properties and

What Is Absenteeism And What Causes Absence Management Essay

What Is Absenteeism And What Causes Absence Management Essay An employees deliberate or habitual absence from work. In todays working organisations everybody misses a day of work now and then. But when an employee misses too many days of work it can be a big problem for the organisation and this can cause serious problems when all other employees have to cover for the missing worker or in worse cases the work simply doesnt get done. Absenteeism occurs when the employees of a company do not turn up to work due to scheduled time off, illness, injury, or any other reason. Recent studies have reviled that Absenteeism sometimes put the figure much higher. One recent Gallup poll did not put a price tag on the sniffles and swollen eyes, but claimed that more than 3 million workdays per year are lost when working people stay home because their allergies are acting up. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology released a study in 1994 claiming that clinical depression alone resulted in more than 213 million lost workdays, costing $24 billion. Furthermore, a 1995 study discovered a correlation between absenteeism and employee turnover. Companies with high rates of absenteeism were found to be more likely to have their employees leave for jobs with other firms. In light of such findings, employers have recognized that a generous absence policy can be profitable and contribute to employee satisfaction and stability.  [1]   If we look back the history, there is only a small written history of absenteeism in business literature, probably because until the 20th century businesses had a simple rule, No work: no pay. Then labour unions forced the companies into contracts to allow employees to take time off from work for illness or vacations and the practice of offering paid sick days become widespread. These practices still vary among companies and union contracts and normally there is an average of four to ten sick days per year is standard. Companies have realized that human absence management policies are cost effective; even many companies were unwilling to off paid leave to their employees. In fact, there is an estimate in the current studies regarding absenteeism that those company who have effective employee absence strategies can reduce their overall payroll costs by atleast 10 percent. HOW MUCH ABSENTEEISM COST THE BUSINESS: Most recent studies on absenteeism have claimed that missing employees cost companies millions of pounds in lost revenue each year. There have been several surveys to find out how much exactly does absenteeism cost the organisations, some of them are as under: According to a new survey by Mercer,  The Total Financial Impact of Employee Absences, the total cost of absence can equal as much as 36% of payroll (compared to 15.4% for health care coverage). Of that figure, 9% accounts for unplanned absences. Planned absences, like vacations and holidays, average 26.6%. For a midsize business, this unplanned absence can account for as much as $4.5 million per year and unplanned absences like casual sick days result in the highest per-day productivity loss, 21% versus just 15% for planned absences like vacation days. On an average, employees have 5.3 unplanned absence days per year.  [2]   The other most recent survey on the common causes of absenteeism by BBC has revealed that within the UK 93% of workers cite cods and flu as their common reason for being away from their work. IHC estimates that 13.4 million working days a year are lost to stress, anxiety and depression, and 12.3 million to back and upper limb problems. And the overall cost to UK industry? A whopping  £11.5bn in 2002 was paid out in wages to absent employees and on additional overtime and temporary staff cover, according to the CBI. One such firm that has decided to tackle the problem of workplace absence is investment management company INVESCO. Based in the City of London and Henley-on-Thames and employing 1,000 permanent staff, it realised that absenteeism, whether to visit a doctor, physiotherapist or councillor, was costing it an estimated  £38,000 a year after carrying out a study into the problem in late 2002.  [3]   Absence from work costs British industry  £10.2bn a year, mainly through minor illnesses, stress and family responsibilities, according to a new report. A survey of more than 530 firms for the Confederation of British Industry estimated that 200m days were lost through sickness absence last year, an average of 8.5 days per worker.  [4]   The  Massachusetts Institute of Technology  (MIT) is a  private  research university located in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts, United States, MIT has released a study in 1994 that, Clinical depression alone resulted in more than 213 million lost workdays, costing $24 billion.  [5]   According to an annual survey report of CIPD in 2009, it is stated that the annual cost of absence, is highest in the public sector, averaging  £784 per employee per year. Manufacturing and production employers recorded the next highest cost at  £754 per employee per year. Absence costs among non-profit organisations also fell slightly to  £698 from  £741 per employee per year.  Private services organisations recorded the lowest annual absence costs, averaging  £666. However, the findings showed that only 41% of employers monitor the cost of employee absence, a figure which has remained stubbornly low over the last few years.  Annual Absence Labour Turnover Survey 2008  by the CBI and insurer AXA revealed that of the 172 million sick days lost to absence in 2007, more than one in ten (12%) are thought to be non-genuine. These 21 million sick employees cost the economy  £1.6bn and two thirds of employers think that people use them to extend their weekends.  [6]   Another company Hewitt Associates  which is based in  Lincolnshire,  Illinois  is a global  human resources  (HR)  outsourcing   and  consulting  firm which delivers a wide range of integrated services to help companies manage their total HR and employee costs and improve their workforces has confirmed that: Sickness costs UK companies more than  £1,000 per employee every year. In addition, absenteeism is costing employers at least  £662 per employee, although this rises by as much as 60% once indirect costs, such as lost productivity, overtime and recruitment, are included. The first Hewitt Healthcare Fundamentals Survey, found that many companies are under-estimating their rate of absenteeism and its financial impact as less than two thirds of companies indicated that they properly record employee absenteeism. The survey showed that the biggest causes of absenteeism are flu, muscular injuries such as back pain and repetitive strain injury, and stress and depression. Some 56% of respondents said that stress is an issue for their organisation yet only a third provides stress management coaching for their managers. The report makes it clear that stress is predicted to be the main cause of employee ill-health in the next three years. If the UK economy worsens, stress levels can undo ubtedly be expected to rise further, making this the biggest threat to employee health in the UK. Poor health and work absenteeism has long been recognised as a problem for UK employers. According to a recent review by Dame Carol Black, the National Director for Health and Work at the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement, the total cost of sickness and absenteeism to the UK economy is over  £60 billion.  [7]   Forum of Private Business (FPB) an online forum has recently conducted a survey on how much absenteeism is costing the business in the United Kingdom. This forum warned that the cost of a single day of workers absenteeism within UK because of the freezing winter conditions could be at least  £230 million. FPB also stated that: Employee absenteeism represents a huge cost for many small businesses. According to the FPBs recent cost of compliance survey, small business employers in the UK spend a total of  £391 million per year on absence control and management more than on any other aspect of employment law.  [8]   WHAT CAUSES ABSENCE? The most common main causes of sickness absence for both manual and non-manual employees have been identified as: Manual Non-Manual Minor illness (cold, flu, stomach upsets headaches) Minor illness (cold, flu, stomach upsets headaches) Back pain Stress Musculo-skeletal injuries Musculo-skeletal injuries Home/family responsibilities Back pain Stress Home/family responsibilities Recurring medical conditions Recurring medical conditions Injuries/accidents not related to work Other absences not related to ill-health The latest studies and surveys have revealed that an increase in stress related absence is continuing in number of employers these days. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS International comparison of absence rates is equally useful and informative. The title sick man of Europe was once given to Britain because of apparently poor industrial relations record. This title can be given to any other country now as absence rates in the UK are among the lowest of any EU member country. Table 1 illustrates this point: Country Short-term Absenteeism rate Long-term Absenteeism rate Denmark UK Austria Sweden Ireland Norway Netherlands France Germany Belgium Italy Portugal 3.5 3.6 4.1 4.4 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.9 8.0 9.1 5.5 12.7 3.0 10.4 13.3 11.1 6.5 6.6 5.5 11.2 Source: Adapted from CBI, Focus on Absence, 1989  [9]   THEORIES RELEVANT TO ABSENTEEISM MOTIVATION THEORY The word motivation is used to describe certain sorts of behaviour. The purpose of motivation theories is to predict behaviours. Motivation is not the behaviour itself, and it is not performance. Motivation concerns action and the internal and external forces which influence a persons choice of action (Mitchell 1987).  [10]   HERZBERGS TWO FACTOR THEORY Herzberg used the critical incidental method and his original study was chosen because of the growing importance in the business world and his study was consisted of interviews with 203 accountants and engineers  from different industries in the Pittsburgh area of America. The responses to these interviews were generally consistent and revealed that there were two different sets of factors affecting motivation and work. This led to the Two Factor Theory of motivation and job satisfaction. Herzberg concluded that the factors as company policy, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary are not motivators but are hygiene factors. According to Herzbergs theory, the absence of hygiene factors can create job satisfaction and on the other hand their presence does not motivate or create satisfaction. In contrast, he determined from data that the motivators were elements that enriched a persons job he found  five factors  in particular that were strong  determiners of job satisfaction: Achievement Recognition The work itself Responsibility Advancement  Ã‚   According to Herzberg theory these motivators who also can be known as satisfiers were associated with  long-term  positive effects in job performance while the hygiene factors (dissatisfiers) consistently produced only  short-term changes in job attitudes and performance, which quickly fell back to its previous level. In summary,  satisfiers describe a persons relationship with that she or he  does, many related to the tasks being performed.  On the other hand dissatisfiers have to do with a persons  relationship to the context or environment  in which she or he performs the job.  Ã‚  The satisfiers or motivators relate to what a person does while the dissatisfiers relate to the situation in which the person does what he or she does. Herzberg argued that extra compensation only work in the short term and other hygiene factors only avoid dissatisfaction and that satisfaction comes from intrinsic motivators. Herzberg developed the job enhancement process and brought out the following features in his theory: Direct feedback non-evaluative feedback on work performance which goes straight to the employee, not through a superior. New learning employees given opportunities to learn new and meaningful skills Scheduling employees are permitted to organise their own work patterns within reasonable limits Unique expertise using ones special skills and knowledge Control over resources having an individual budget for which one is responsible Direct communications authority being able to communicate as necessary to get the job done Personal accountability the employee is directly accountable for the work.  [11]   ATTRIBUTION THEORY Attribution theory suggests that we observe a persons behaviour and then try to establish whether internal or external forces caused it. If it is judged to be internal, it is seen as being under the persons control; if it is judged to be external, it is seen as a result of the situation. Attribution is said to be subjected to a number of considerations, because we judge actions in a context. For example, we judge how distinctive behaviour is and whether behaviour is unusual for a particular person. Attribution theory is very much relevant to absenteeism as for example the employee is absent from work and the circumstances are that his or her attendance record is exemplary, then the behaviour could be considered unusual and an external cause (that is, that the behaviour is outside the control of the individual) will be attributed. If the absenteeism fits in with the general pattern of behaviour, then an internal attribution will be attached (that is, it will be seen as being under the persons control). DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X THEORY Y According to Douglas McGregor there are two distinct views of human beings, the first one is basically negative, labelled as Theory X, and the other basically positive, labelled as Theory Y. McGregor concluded, after viewing the way in which managers dealt with employees, that a managers view of the nature of human beings is based on a certain grouping of assumptions and that he or she tends to mold his or her behaviour toward employees according to these assumptions: According to McGregors Theory X, there are four assumptions held by managers which are: Employees inherently dislike work and whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it. Since employees dislike work, they must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve goals. Employees will avoid responsibilities and seek formal direction whenever possible. Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work and will display little ambition.  [12]   In contrast to these negative views about the nature of human beings, McGregor listed the four positive assumptions that he called Theory Y: Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play. People will exercise self-direction and self-control if they are committed to the objectives. The average person can learn to accept, even seek, responsibilities. The ability to make innovative decisions is widely dispersed throughout the population and is not necessarily the sole province of those in management positions.  [13]   HOW TO MEASURE ABSENTEEISM To measure worker absenteeism the most obvious way is to record how many days have employees not come in to work. The companies should have some sort of clock-in or accountability set-up making this step relatively simple. Once the numbers are available, surely it would be interesting to know how many of those workers were genuinely ill. Measuring absenteeism can serve as many as four purposes for organisations, which includes the following: Administering payroll and benefits programs Planning human resource requirements for production scheduling identifying absenteeism problems measuring and controlling personnel costs (Gandz and Mikalachki, 1979) Actual assessment and analyzing is a key aspect of managing absence effectively. Organisations must assess if they have complications with absenteeism, its extent and find out the best way to tackle it. In the latest Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) absence survey, less than half of employers monitor the cost of absence,  and just under  half of organisations have set a target for reducing absence and only 38% of organisations benchmark themselves against other employers.   To analyse particular arrangement of absenteeism and underlying the basis, employers should acquire and use data, for example, the management approach of an appropriate manager or an increase in workloads. This can also provide the evidence of how absenteeism impacts on the bottom line and why it value investing in an effective absenteeism management programme. HOW TO MEASURE TIME LOST? To evaluate absenteeism there are a number of different measures that can be used, each of which can gives information about the different aspects of absenteeism. Some of the factors are described as under: LOST TIME RATE Lost time rate measure  articulate the percentage of the total time available which has been lost due to absence: Total absence (hours or days) in the period  x 100   Possible total (hours or days) in the period   For instance, if the total absence of the employees in the period is 155 person-hours and the total time available is 1,950 person-hours, the lost time rate will be:   155 x 100 = 7.95%   1,950   This can also be calculated separately for the individual departments of different groups of employees to uncover particular absence problems within an organisation. FREQUENCY RATE The frequency rate method shows an average number of absences per employee, which is expressed as a percentage. This does not give any indication of the length or duration of each absence period, nor any indication of employees who take more than one spell of absence and it is calculated as under:   No of spells of absence in the period  x 100   No of employees   For example, if an organisation employed on average 110 workers in one month, and during this time there were a total of 24 spells of absence, the frequency rate will be:   24  x 100 = 21.82%   110   To find out the individual frequency rate, we have to count the number of workers who take at least one interval of absence in the period, rather than to total number of intervals of absence. BRADFORD FACTOR This method expresses the persistent short-term absence for individuals, by measuring the number of spells of absence, and is therefore a useful measure of the disruption caused by this type of absence. It is calculated using the formula:   S x S x D S = number of spells of absence in 52 weeks taken by an individual   D = number of days of absence in 52 weeks taken by that individual   For example:   10 one-day absences: 10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000   1 ten-day absence: 1 x 1 x 10 = 10   5 two-day absences: 5 x 5 x 10 = 250   2 five-day absences: 2 x 2 x 10 = 40   The trigger points will differ between organisations. The underlying causes will need to be identified for all unauthorised absence. ABSENCE POLICIES The companies should have clear policies in place which support their business objectives and culture and this is the first step to managing absenteeism efficiently. Under the current legislation employers are required to provide their staff with knowledge on any terms and conditions relating to inadequacy for work due to the sickness or injury, including any arrangement for sick pay. Effective absenteeism policies must spell out clearly employees rights and responsibilities when taking time off from work due to sickness or any other reason. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) is Europes largest HR development professional body which support and develop the management and development of people within organization, has explained that the following few facts are most considerable and the policies should: Provide details of contractual sick pay terms and its relationship with statutory sick pay Outline the process employees must follow if taking time off sick covering when and whom employees should notify if they are not able to attend work Include when (after how many days) employees need a self-certificate form Contain details of when they require a fit note from their doctor Explain that adjustments may be appropriate to assist the employee in returning to work as soon as is practicable   Mention that the organisation reserves the right to require employees to attend an examination by a company doctor and (with the workers consent) to request a report from the employees doctor Include provisions for return-to-work interviews as these have been identified as the most effective intervention to manage short-term absence.  [14]   HOW TO MANAGE ABSENTEEISM Before we discuss how to manage absenteeism we look the types of absenteeism. There are many other reasons why people take time off from work. These can be categorised as under: Non permitted absence or continuous lateness Long-term sickness absence Short-term sickness absence (uncertificated, self-certificated, or covered by a doctors fit note which replaced the sick note from April 2010) Other authorised absences:  for example,  annual leave; maternity, paternity, adoption, or parental leave; time off for public or trade union duties, or to care for dependents; compassionate leave; educational leave. Other than these above categories of absenteeism there are two main types of absenteeism, know as short term absenteeism and long term absenteeism. We discuss in detail how to manage these two main types of absenteeism: MANAGING SHORT-TERM ABSENCE Short term absence also known as absence interventions. The most effective interventions in managing short term absence include the followings: A proactive absence management policy Return-to-work interviews Disciplinary procedures for unacceptable absence levels Involving trained line managers in absence management Providing sickness absence information to line managers Restricting sick pay Involving occupational health professionals The most common method which is currently being adopted by many organisations is return-to-work interviews which can help identify short-term absence problems at an early stage. These return-to-work interviews provide an opportunity to managers to start a dialogue with staff over underlying issues, which might be causing the absence.   Tim Holden, the Managing Director of  FLUID, draws on more than 10 years experience as an award-winning recruiter and trainer. FLUID works with organisations to enhance their attractiveness to both current and future employees. Holden suggests that: The use of disciplinary procedures for unacceptable absence may be used to make it clear to employees that unjustified absence will not be tolerated and that absence policies will be enforced.  Ã‚  [15]   According to CIPDs recent survey it has been revealed that, only 12% of organisations use attendance incentives or bonuses as a tool of absence management according to our latest absence survey. LINE MANAGERS ROLE To control and reduce the causes of absenteeism, line managers have a substantial role to play, either directly or indirectly. How managers behave is very important because it has a significant effect on employee health and comfort. Many recent researches show that line managers are the type of employees most likely to be reported as bullies within organisations. Management style within an organisation is also one of the top causes of stress at work.  Ã‚   In any organisations the managers need good communications skills to encourage employees so that they can feel free to discuss any problems they may have at an early stage so that they can be given support or advice by the managers before matters escalate. According to all the recent studies and surveys it is stated that despite of all the importance of line manager/supervisor involvement, there are only 50% organisations are training their line managers to get the skills needed to do this effectively. The organisations should train their line managers to get the following skills to handle the absenteeism properly and they should have a good knowledge of: Their companys absence policies and procedures What is their role in the absence management programme How to act upon any advice given by the doctor to the employee. All the related legal and disciplinary aspects of absence including potential disability discrimination issues   How to maintain absence record-keeping and understanding facts and figures on absence The role of occupational health services The proactive measures to support staff health and wellbeing Operation (where applicable) of trigger points Development of return-to-work interview skills Development of counselling skills. MANAGING LONG-TERM ABSENCE The current studies and researches on long term absence have shown that absence of  eight days or more justify about one third  of total time lost through absence and absence of four weeks or more accounts for more than 15%. Consequently it is very vital that organisations have an approved strategy in place to help their employees to get back to work after a continuous period of sickness or injury-related absence. The knowledge of potential disability discrimination claims is also critical these days.   THE ROLE OF LINE MANAGERS   The role and responsibilities of the line manager in the management of absence should be clearly defined. However, these days the role of line managers is paramount. It is the line managers responsibility to manager his or her departmental, or unit. Therefore it is his/her responsibility to see that these resources are used as effectively as possible. This means that levels of attendance should be good and absence kept to a minimum. The line managers should follow the companys approach to management style, organisation and allocation of work, as this will be a vital part of any strategy to control absence. In addition it is his/her responsibility to follow the company absence polices and procedures to staff. In addition, the line manager will be one of the main influences on an individuals view of the company attitude to absence. It is therefore important that the actions, and words of line manager support the companys position. Taking a difference stance on the management of absence, whether more strictly or leniently, will cause problems for the individual manager and for the organisation. Line managers must be able to rely on the support of senior management for decision they take in line with the companys policy, their responsibilities are as under: To effectively organize and allocate work; To use an appropriate management style; To ensure that all staff are adequately trained for their role; To communicate the absence policy and procedures to all subordinates; To apply policy and procedures in a consistent and fair manner; To deal with requests for prior approved absence; To keep accurate and up-to-date records of absences; To investigate reasons for unexplained absences; To carry out return to work interviews; To instigate disciplinary procedures, when required; To provide adequate feedback to senior management; To ensure adequate personal development and training to be able to meet these responsibilities effectively. As we already discussed the role of line manager in managing the short-term absence, now we discuss the role of the line manager in managing long-term absence which is also crucial for managing long-term absence and other interventions are also important, which include:   The occupational health involvement and proactive measures to support staff health and wellbeing The line management involvement as part of the absence management programme Restricting sick pay Changes to work patterns or environment Return-to-work interviews Rehabilitation programme There are also four typical components in the recovery and return-to-work process, which are discussed as under: Keeping in contact with sick employees   The line manager should ensure that a regular contact is maintained using both sensitive and non-intrusive approach with the employee and this should be agreed with the member of staff and manager and, also where appropriate, with the union or employee representative. Planning and undertaking workplace controls or adjustments   There can be some obstacles which may cause delay, interruption or difficulties to an employees return to work. A risk assessment can analyse measures or adjustm

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: essay papers

Animal Farm Question: Write the importance in the book ^ÓAnimal Farm^Ô of Squealer. Sly, greedy, crafty, these are just a few characteristics that describe Squealer. Squealer is also a messenger, an actor, a persuasive speaker, a follower, and a liar. He^s nimble, he^s clever, he^s manipulative and most of all he^s sneaky. Squealer uses his intelligence to persuade the other animals into doing what Napoleon wants, when they don^t really want to do it. He uses his craftiness and cunning to deceive the animals into thinking that he is on their side and that he^s doing all he can to help them. His acting ability can mislead the animals into thinking that he^s one of their closest friends and that he can be trusted with all their secrets. Squealers slick style makes him an important character in the book ^Animal Farm^. Squealer is first introduced in chapter 2, and he commits his first deed in chapter 3. This deed is an example of Squealers persuasive speaking. Snowball and all the other pigs decided that Squealer should tell all the other animals that all the windfall apples would be collected and given to the pigs. The pigs also wanted extra milk to be mixed in with their mash. Squealer explains to the other animals that the pigs are taking the apples and milk merly for their health. He uses this excuse to persuade the animals into thinking that they should give them the extra food and drink. He says to them ^Comrades! You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in selfishness and privilege?^ He then goes on to say ^Milk and apples (this has been proved by science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the wellbeing of a pig. We pigs are brain workers, the organisation of the farm totally depends on us^. Squealer says that the pigs are taking the apple! s and milk in the good of the other animals because, he says that Jones will come back if they don^t. This immediately makes the animals want to give the extras to the pigs. Squealer uses this fear of Jones coming back as one of his main arguments. Another example of Squealers persuasive talent is in chapter 5. This is where Napoleon drives Snowball off the farm using his dogs. Napoleon asks Squealer to go round the farm and explain to the others the new arrangements. Squealers main objectives in this speech is to give good reasons why Napoleon drove Snowball out, to put Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: essay papers Animal Farm Question: Write the importance in the book ^ÓAnimal Farm^Ô of Squealer. Sly, greedy, crafty, these are just a few characteristics that describe Squealer. Squealer is also a messenger, an actor, a persuasive speaker, a follower, and a liar. He^s nimble, he^s clever, he^s manipulative and most of all he^s sneaky. Squealer uses his intelligence to persuade the other animals into doing what Napoleon wants, when they don^t really want to do it. He uses his craftiness and cunning to deceive the animals into thinking that he is on their side and that he^s doing all he can to help them. His acting ability can mislead the animals into thinking that he^s one of their closest friends and that he can be trusted with all their secrets. Squealers slick style makes him an important character in the book ^Animal Farm^. Squealer is first introduced in chapter 2, and he commits his first deed in chapter 3. This deed is an example of Squealers persuasive speaking. Snowball and all the other pigs decided that Squealer should tell all the other animals that all the windfall apples would be collected and given to the pigs. The pigs also wanted extra milk to be mixed in with their mash. Squealer explains to the other animals that the pigs are taking the apples and milk merly for their health. He uses this excuse to persuade the animals into thinking that they should give them the extra food and drink. He says to them ^Comrades! You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in selfishness and privilege?^ He then goes on to say ^Milk and apples (this has been proved by science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the wellbeing of a pig. We pigs are brain workers, the organisation of the farm totally depends on us^. Squealer says that the pigs are taking the apple! s and milk in the good of the other animals because, he says that Jones will come back if they don^t. This immediately makes the animals want to give the extras to the pigs. Squealer uses this fear of Jones coming back as one of his main arguments. Another example of Squealers persuasive talent is in chapter 5. This is where Napoleon drives Snowball off the farm using his dogs. Napoleon asks Squealer to go round the farm and explain to the others the new arrangements. Squealers main objectives in this speech is to give good reasons why Napoleon drove Snowball out, to put

Litigation in Cloud 9 Energy Drink Essay

Pune Following the confirmation of the state public health laboratory about the energy drink ‘Cloud 9’ containing more than the permissible level of caffeine, the state Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Pune region, has now filed an application seeking judicial action against the manufacturers and distributors of the drink Pushpam Foods and Beverages and Goldwin Healthcare Private Limited. The manufacturer had made misleading statements on the label that suggested that the drink was recommended for medical purposes. â€Å"We have now filed an application seeking judicial action against the offenders,† said C D Salunkhe, Assistant Commissioner, state FDA, Pune office. A central notification, issued on June 19, 2009, says energy drinks should not contain more than 145 parts per million (ppm) of caffeine, while the earlier official cap was 200ppm. Many popular energy drink brands thus overshot the limit by nearly 100 ppm. â€Å"It was a clear violation of a 2008 amendment to the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act banning energy drinks with caffeine content more than 145 parts per million (ppm). We sent samples of the drink to the public health laboratory and they have confirmed that the level of caffeine was 228. 2 ppm,† says the laboratory report that gave its findings recently. Chetan Chopra, director of Pushpam Foods and Beverages said that the product was already in the market before the new rules came into effect on June 17, 2009. â€Å"How can the FDA apply the new rules about the change in the caffeine limit to the products which were already manufactured in December 2008? How can the new standards be applied on the old products,† he said. Vasudeo Kolte, quality control manager of Pushpam Foods and Beverages said, â€Å"Our product was manufactured in December 2008 and hence it was already in the market as per the then prescribed rules. We have followed all the regulations and will challenge the case in court. † It was in November 2009 that the state FDA, Pune region seized over two lakh cans of ‘Cloud 9’ energy drink from godowns in Pune and Mumbai. â€Å"The stock, worth Rs 77. 3 lakh, is still lying in the godowns and the FDA has filed an application with the chief judicial magistrate’s court to destroy it,† said M S Kembalkar, a food inspector who was part of the investigation. The report has also pointed out that there were misleading statements on the label, which contravenes Rule 37 and 39 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. The category of the proprietary food has to be clearly mentioned. The label suggests that the food is recommended for medical purposes. It says that it enhances physical endurance, stamina and strengthens immunity apart from fighting fatigue and enhancing alertness. However, the caffeine content has exceeded the permissible limits.

Implementation And Evaluation Of Supply Chain Management

IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT WITHIN WAL MART CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1- SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT – DEFINITION 2- REQUIRED PLANNING FOR THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLANTATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 3- IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT WITHIN WAL MART 3-1 Procurement and Distribution 3-2 Logistics Management 3-3 Inventory Management 3-4 The Reaped Benefits CONCLUSION REFERENCES INTRODUCTION Wal Mart is considered one of the largest private sectors in the entire world, with employees’ strength of around 2 million. Wal Mart was able to achieve its leadership status, based the retain industry, simply because of its implementation of the technique of Supply Chain Management. This paper sheds the light on the concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM), while analyzing the case of Wal Mart and its successful implementation of such critical concept. 1- SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT – DEFINITION Wisner and Choon (2000) defined Supply Chain Management (SCM) as an integration of the physical and the logistics distribution activities, in particular by the efforts of the retailers, manufacturers, and wholesalers to such effectively integrate buying and supplying with other functions in the organization. Notwithstanding, no general definition of SCM has been neither accepted, nor general understanding regarding such way by which supply chain management might influence on the organizational characteristics and practices. Inventory,Show MoreRelatedThe Supply Chain Management Process1732 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The processes involved in the supply chain are very critical to the business organization. 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